Preparation and Analysis of DNA Sequencing Gels -- Purification of PCR Products from Agarose Gels for Direct Sequencing -- Enzymatic Fluorescence and Biotin Labeling of Primers for PCR Sequencing -- Direct Sequencing of Double-Stranded PCR Products with the Sequenase Kit and [?-35 S] dATP -- Direct Sequencing by Thermal Asymmetric PCR -- Rapid Sequencing of cDNA Clones Direct Sequencing Using Sequential Linear/Asymmetric PCR -- Direct Sequencing of PCR Products Using Chemiluminescent Detection -- Direct DNA Sequencing of PCR Products Using Magnetic Beads -- Affinity Capture and Solid-Phase Sequencing of Biotinylated PCR Products -- Analysis of Nucleotide Sequence Variations by Solid-Phase Minisequencing -- Nonradioactive PCR Sequencing Using Digoxigenin -- Silver Sequencing™ -- Direct Sequencing of PCR Products with DNA-Binding Proteins -- PCR Sequencing with the Aid of Detergents -- Direct Sequencing with Highly Degenerate and lnosine-Containing Primers -- Determination of Unknown Genomic Sequences Without Cloning -- DNA Sequencing by the Chemical Method -- Direct PCR Sequencing with Denaturants (Formamide) -- Efficient PCR Production of Single-Stranded DNA Sequencing Templates -- Preparation and Direct Automated Cycle Sequencing of PCR Products -- Solid-Phase Automated Sequencing of PCR-Amplified Genomic DNA -- Cloning PCR Products for Sequencing in M13 Vectors -- Sequencing PCR Products Cloned into M13 Vectors -- Genomic Amplification with Transcript Sequencing (GAWTS) -- DNA Rescue by the Vectorette Method -- Sequencing of (dA:dT) Cloned Mixed PCR Products from Microbial Populations.

Advances in bioscience research usually arise as a result of the continu­ ing refinement of existing technologies. However, there are a number of occa­ sions v^rhere newly developed methodologies have a profound effect on nearly all areas of research. Frequently these are techniques that are elegantly simple in concept and require minimal technical manipulation. Two of these revolu­ tionary techniques are the focus ofPCR Sequencing Protocols. The first such technique is enzymatic chain termination sequencing developed by Sanger and his co-workers in Cambridge and reported in 1977. This essentially brought the possibility of deriving nucleotide sequence information in a very short time scale and has been widely accepted in many laboratories as a routine molecular biological research tool. Furthermore, it has not only led to the sequencing of many genes and gene fragments, but has also allowed the tech­ nical means of sequencing the human genome. The second technique that has found widespread acceptance in basic applied research and many routine applications is the polymerase chain reac­ tion. This technique, first reported in 1985 by MuUis and his colleagues, pro­ vides the means to amplify nucleic acid sequence, which immediately proved invaluable in nearly all fields of biological laboratory research. Here, as with enzymatic DNA sequencing, is a very simple concept that relies on minimal information to prepare short oligonucleotide primers that direct the synthesis of a specified fi-agment o f DNA in the presence of a thermostable DNA polymerase.