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020 _a9783642332531
024 7 _a10.1007/978-3-642-33253-1
_2doi
040 _aES-MaUEC
050 4 _aQP631
_b.P76 2013 EB
082 0 4 _a579
245 0 0 _aProkaryotic Toxin-Antitoxins
_cedited by Kenn Gerdes
260 _aBerlin, Heidelberg
_bSpringer International Publishing
_c2013
300 _a1 recurso en línea (VIII, 365 p.)
_b77 ilustraciones, 69 ilustraciones en color
336 _aTexto (visual)
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _aelectrónico
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _arecurso electrónico
_bcr
_2rdacarrier
505 0 _aIntroduction -- Type I Toxin-antitoxin Systems: Hok/Sok and Fst -- Novel Type I Toxin-antitoxin Systems -- Type II TA Loci: The Ccdab and Parde Families -- Type II TA Loci: The Relbe Family -- Type II TA Loci: The Unusual Mqsra Locus -- Type II TA Loci: The Mazef Family -- Type II TA Loci: Vapbc and Other TA Loci In Mycobacteria -- Type II TA Loci: Phd Doc Family -- Type II TA Loci: The Fic Family -- Type II TA Loci, Hipab And Persisters -- Type II TA Loci: Zeta/Pezt Family -- Type II Loci: Phylogeny -- Type III TA Loci -- TA Loci Encoded By Plasmids -- TA Loci in Archaea -- TA Loci in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis -- TA Loci in Streptococcus Pneumoniae -- Biotechnological and Medical Exploitations Of TA Genes and Their Components
520 3 _aProkaryotic Toxins - Antitoxins presents the first comprehensive overview of an exciting and rapidly expanding research field. Toxin - antitoxin (TA) genes were first identified on plasmids almost 30 years ago. Since then it has become evident that TA genes are highly abundant on both plasmids and chromosomes belonging to the bacterial and archaeal domains. TA genes come in three variants, depending on how the antitoxin works. In the most common TA genes, called type II TA loci, the antitoxins are proteins that combine with and neutralize the toxins. Even though the toxins come from at least 10 evolutionary independent gene families they inhibit translation and induce dormancy and persistence. The toxins inhibit translation using different molecular mechanisms. For example, the most common toxin family, called VapC (Virulence-associated protein), inhibits translation by cleaving initiator tRNA. Another common toxin family, called RelE, inhibits translation by cleaving messenger RNA positioned at the ribosome. Recent database mining revealed more than 10,000 such TA loci in »700 prokaryotic organisms. Remarkably, in some species, TA genes have undergone dramatic expansions. For example, the highly persistent major human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis has almost 100 TA loci belonging to different gene families, whereas its close relative M. leprae has none. All sequenced archaeal genomes to date have at least two TA loci and the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii has »40 TA loci. The considerable expansion of the TA genes is a biological mystery but may be related to the biological function(s) of TA genes, a topic that is still hotly debated. The genetic analysis of TA genes is hampered by the multitude of seemingly similar genes within one particular genome. However, recent analysis with the model organism E. coli revealed a breakthrough indicating that TA genes contribute cumulatively to bacterial persistence. All known free-living bacteria that form persisters, cells that survive antibiotics and other environmental threats, contain TA genes. Together, these groundbreaking observations have raised the exciting possibility that TA genes are involved in the persistence of many bacteria, including major human pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. The expanding TA field has an exciting future ahead of it
942 _2lcc
_cLE
988 _aEBOOK, EBSPRINGERrevisando
650 7 _aToxinas
_0comprobar BNE19923474042
_2embne
_9146398
650 7 _aProcariotas
_9157835
_0comprobar BNE20004035451
_2embne
700 1 _aGerdes, Kenn
_eeditor literario
_985509
_0Local
856 4 0 _uhttps://go.openathens.net/redirector/universidadeuropea.es?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-33253-1
_zAcceso a este recurso digital (usuarios Universidad Europea de Madrid)
901 _ai9783642332531
907 _a.b12820507
_b10-10-17
_c01-10-14
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_b17-07-17
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