Preface; Contents; List of Videos; Chapter 1: Surgical Aspects of Paravalvular Leak; 1.1 Preamble; 1.2 Anatomy of the Structures Adjacent to Aortic and Mitral Valves; 1.3 Importance of Degeneration or Inflammatory Processes on Stability of Tissues; 1.3.1 Surgically Implanted Heart Valves (Types of Prostheses, Different Valve Implantation Positions, Suture Techniques, etc.); 1.3.1.1 Factors Influencing Valve Detachment (Creation of Paravalvular Leaks); 1.3.1.2 Surgical Treatment of Paravalvular Leaks (Techniques, Efficacy of Surgical Treatment, Clinical Trials, Registries); References

2.4.2 Aortic Paravalvular Regurgitation2.4.2.1 Quantification of the Severity of Aortic PVL; 2.4.3 Paravalvular Regurgitation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; 2.4.4 Tricuspid Paravalvular Regurgitation; 2.4.5 Pulmonary Paravalvular Regurgitation; 2.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Transcatheter Paravalvular Leak Closure: History, Available Devices; 3.1 Introduction: First Transcatheter Procedures; 3.2 Devices Presently Used for Transcatheter PVL Closure; 3.3 Amplatzer™ Family of Vascular Plugs; 3.3.1 Amplatzer Vascular Plug II; 3.3.2 Amplatzer Vascular Plug III

3.3.3 Amplatzer Vascular Plug IV3.4 Occlutech PVL Device; 3.5 Selection of the Closure Device; 3.6 Paravalvular Mitral Leak Closure with Multiple Devices; 3.7 Conclusions and Future Directions; References; Chapter 4: Occlutech® Paravalvular Leak Device (PLD); 4.1 Background; 4.2 Device Description; 4.3 Implantation Procedure; 4.3.1 Mitral Paravalvular Leaks; 4.3.2 Aortic Paravalvular Leaks; 4.4 Pre-, Intra-, and Postprocedural Imaging (See Cases Illustrations); 4.5 Clinical Experience; 4.6 Summary; Appendix; Coordinating Principal Investigators; Italy; Lithuania; France; Cyprus

Chapter 2: The Role of Imaging in Paravalvular Leak Assessment2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Clinical Manifestations; 2.3 Imaging Approach of Paravalvular Leaks; 2.3.1 Basic Principles; 2.3.2 Transthoracic Echocardiography; 2.3.3 Transesophageal Echocardiography; 2.3.4 3D Echocardiography; 2.3.5 Intracardiac Echocardiography; 2.3.6 Stress Echocardiography; 2.3.7 Cardiac Computed Tomography; 2.3.8 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 2.4 Echocardiography Assessment of Specific Prosthetic PVL; 2.4.1 Mitral Paravalvular Regurgitation; 2.4.1.1 Quantification of the Severity of Mitral PVL

Hungary Romania; UK; References; Chapter 5: Echo Guiding During Transcatheter Paravalvular Leak Closure; 5.1 Aspects of Echocardiography Imaging Relevant for Transcatheter Paravalvular Leak Closure; 5.1.1 Choice of Modality; 5.1.2 Key Details of PVL Anatomy; 5.1.3 Echo-Driven Choice of Occluding Devices; 5.1.4 Technical Tips; 5.2 Echocardiographic Guidance for Specific PVL Location; 5.2.1 Para-aortic Leak: Transvascular Access; 5.2.2 Paramitral Leak: Transvascular Access; 5.2.3 Paratricuspid Leak: Transvascular Access; 5.2.4 Transapical Access: Lateral Minithoracotomy

Representing the first book to offer complete coverage of all related topics, this title provides up-to-date guidance on exactly why, when, and how to perform transcatheter paravalvular leak closure. An international panel of leading experts in the field address the entire spectrum of associated problems, from relevant anatomy, to imaging methods, to implantation techniques, to a comprehensive presentation of clinical data. Specific topics covered in this book include the mechanisms of artificial valve dehiscence, with a focus on local anatomical conditions; data on conservative and surgical treatment; qualification for paravalvular leak closure; multimodality imaging techniques; a step-by-step description of access, device selection and implantation; practical tips and tricks for troubleshooting; and the latest clinical data on transcatheter paravalvular leak closure. The book facilitates the application of contemporary knowledge in clinical cardiology, cardiac surgery, imaging and interventional cardiology in the management of patients with this challenging clinical problem.