Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1: Introduction: Endodontic Prognosis and€Outcome; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Multifactorial Nature of€Endodontic Outcome; 1.3 Preoperative Factors; 1.4 Intraoperative Factors; 1.5 Postoperative Factors; 1.6 Effect of€Root Canal Infection on€Treatment Outcome; 1.7 Outcomes in€Endodontic Therapy; References; 2: Microbiology and€Immunology of€Endodontic Infections; 2.1 The Oral and€Root Canal Environments; 2.1.1 The Oral Ecosystem; 2.1.2 Microbial Colonization of€Tooth Surfaces; 2.1.3 Oral Health and€Disease; 2.1.4 The Root Canal Ecosystem.

2.2 Root Canal Infections2.2.1 Pathways of€Microbial Entry; 2.2.2 Pulp Inflammatory Reaction; 2.2.3 Primary Invaders; 2.2.4 Progression of€the€Infection; 2.2.5 The Endodontic Pathogen; 2.2.6 Polymicrobial Nature of€Root Canal Infections; 2.3 The Biofilm Lifestyle; 2.3.1 How Bacteria Build Biofilms; 2.3.2 Biofilms Formed in€Root Canals; 2.3.3 Why Bacteria Form Biofilms; 2.3.4 Biofilm Resistance to€Antimicrobials; 2.4 Microbiological Methods Used in€Endodontics; 2.4.1 Microbial Identification by€Culture and€Molecular Methods; 2.4.2 Differences in€Microbial Composition.

2.4.3 In Situ Microscopy2.5 Prognosis of€Root Canal Infections; 2.5.1 Where Are Bacteria Located After Treatment; 2.5.2 How Bacteria Survive Root Canal Treatment; 2.5.3 Most Resistant Species; 2.5.4 The Chronic Inflammatory Response; 2.6 Concluding Remarks; References; 3: Diagnosis of€Pulpal and€Periradicular Disease; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Diagnosis of€Pulpal Disease; 3.2.1 Chief Complaint (CC); 3.2.2 Medical History; 3.2.3 Dental History; 3.2.4 Clinical Examination; 3.2.4.1 Extraoral Examination; 3.2.4.2 Intraoral Examination; 3.2.4.3 Diagnostic Pulp Tests; Test Site.

3.3.3.1 Conventional Intraoral Radiography3.3.3.2 Cone Beam Computed Tomography; 3.3.4 Clinical Diagnostic Terminology of€Periapical Disease; 3.4 Endodontic Prognosis and€Pulpal-Periapical Disease; References; 4: Endodontic Treatment of€Mature Teeth; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Pathosis of€the€Pulpal-Periapical Tissue Complex; 4.3 Biological Considerations of€Treatment of€Endodontically Involved Mature Teeth Without€Apical Periodontitis; 4.4 Biological Considerations of€Treatment of€Endodontically Involved Mature Teeth with€Apical Periodontitis.

Thermal Tests InterpretationElectric Pulp Test (EPT) Interpretation; Reliability of€Pulp Tests; Correlation of€Clinical Signs/Symptoms, Diagnostic Data, and€Actual Histological Status of€the€Pulp; 3.2.5 Radiographic Examination; 3.2.5.1 Conventional Intraoral Radiography; 3.2.5.2 Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT); 3.2.6 Clinical Diagnostic Terminology of€Pulpal Disease; 3.3 Diagnosis of€Periapical Disease; 3.3.1 Pulp Tests; 3.3.2 Periapical Tests; 3.3.2.1 Percussion; 3.3.2.2 Palpation; 3.3.2.3 Swelling or Draining Sinus Track; 3.3.3 Radiographic Examination.

This book serves as a clinical guide to help the practitioner improve endodontic treatment outcomes. It focuses on the various factors affecting the prognosis of endodontic treatments and on their impact on short-term and long-term results. The text incorporates up-to-date knowledge, techniques and treatment protocols. Each chapter has been carefully chosen to address either foundational knowledge or a select aspect of endodontic treatment. The authors analyze the knowledge accumulated from a large number of outcome studies and provide the reader with a critical appraisal indicating the strengths and weaknesses of those studies. This information is then used to make recommendations on how to predict the outcome of the intended treatment. The authors emphasize that the endodontic prognosis is a multifactorial phenomenon, underscoring how various factors, singularly and in combination, influence the treatment outcome. Readers are provided with tools to successfully assess the prognosis of the proposed treatment at the outset and to execute the planned treatment focused on optimal outcome.