Phenomenology of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- Dyskinesia Rating Scales in Parkinson's Disease -- Epidemiology of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- Risk Factors for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- Pharmacological Treatment Options for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- Surgical Options for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinsonâ€{u3804}isease -- Basal Ganglia Circuitry Models of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia -- Basal Ganglia Circuitry Models of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia -- Pharmacological Properties of Levodopa -- Dopamine Receptors and LID -- The Serotonergic System In Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- The Opioid System in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- Glutamate Receptors and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- Cannabinoids and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- The Role of the Noradrenergic System and its Receptors In Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- Involvement of the Cholinergic System in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- New Clinical Trials for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- Preclinical Models of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia -- Final Thoughts: Summary and Future Therapeutic Strategies in LID.

This book aims to provide a single reference source on levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) from â€b̃ench to bedsideâ€{uE809}nitial chapters review the clinical features and phenomenology of LID with video examples; epidemiology and genetic risk factors for LID are covered as a background to understanding risk factors for developing LID. The following chapters cover the latest preclinical studies aiming to understand the pathophysiology of LID at the cellular, neurochemical, neurophysiological and circuitry level with detailed discussion of mechanisms and future directions to take the field forward; clinical studies from phase II to phase IV; ongoing RCTs in LID; and evidence-based medicine reviews of treatment options.Âv̥odopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinsonâ€{u3804}isease is aimed at an international audience of movement disorder neurologists; neuroscientists; trainees; and graduate and post-graduate students.