""Foreword""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Part I: Introduction""; ""1: Congenital Vascular Malformations: An Historical Account""; "" An Overview""; ""References""; ""2: Embryological Background of Congenital Vascular Malformations""; "" Introduction""; "" Development of the Blood Vascular System""; "" Development of the Arterial System""; "" Anomalous Development of the Aortic Arch""; "" Development of the Venous System""; "" Anomalous Development of the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava""; "" Development of the Lymphatic System""

"" Anomalous Development of the Lymphatic System"""" Summary""; ""References""; ""Part II: Pathogenesis of Congenital Vascular Malformation (CVM)""; ""3: Angiogenesis and Vascular Malformations""; "" Venous Malformations""; "" Arteriovenous Malformations [AVMs]""; "" Summary""; ""References""; ""4: Genetic Aspects of Vascular Malformations""; "" Introduction""; ""References""; ""5: Epidemiologic Aspect of Congenital Vascular Malformation""; ""References""; ""6: Provoking Factors for Aggravation of Congenital Vascular Malformation""; "" Tissue Overgrowth""

"" Hormonal Changes: Puberty, Menstrual Cycle, and Pregnancy"""" Trauma""; "" Iatrogenic Provoking Factors: Surgery and Endovascular Therapy""; ""Bibliography""; ""Part III: Classification and Definition/Nomenclature""; ""7: General Overview""; "" Hamburg Classification [17â#x80;#x93;20]""; "" ISSVA Classification [21â#x80;#x93;24]""; ""References""; ""8: ISSVA Classification of Vascular Anomalies""; "" Introduction""; ""References""; ""9: Hamburg Classification: Vascular Malformation""; ""References""; ""10: Angiographic Classification: Arteriovenous Malformation and Venous Malformation""

"" Lymphatic Malformations and Capillary Malformations"""" Evaluation""; ""References""; ""13: Differential Diagnosis from Hemangioma""; "" Introduction""; "" Differentiation Between Vascular Tumor and Vascular Malformation""; "" Features of Hemangiomas""; "" Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma""; ""References""; ""14: Venous Malformation of the Head and Neck and Extremities""; "" Clinical Presentation of VM""; "" Uncommon Forms of Venous Malformation""; "" Laboratory Evaluation""; "" Imaging of VM""; ""References""; ""15: Venous Malformation: Truncular Form""; ""References""

""Introduction"""" Venous Malformation: Angiographic Classification""; ""References""; ""11: New Arteriographic Classification of AVM Based on the Yakes Classification System""; "" Therapeutic Implications of the Yakes Classification""; "" Embolic Agents Employed in the Yakes AVM Classification""; ""References""; ""Part IV: Contemporary Diagnosis of CVM: Clinical Features and Evaluation""; ""12: General Overview""; "" Hemangioma""; "" Congenital Vascular Malformation""; "" Arteriovenous Malformations""; "" Venous Malformations""

This book is a superbly illustrated guide to the diagnosis and treatment of congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) that will enable the reader to avoid the serious pitfalls that may arise when caring for patients with this rare and complex group of lesions. After discussion of pathogenesis, classification, and differential diagnosis from vascular tumors, the clinical features of CVMs are described and illustrated, covering both the various forms (venous, arteriovenous, lymphatic, capillary, and mixed) and presentations at different anatomic sites. The current role of CT, MRI, scintigraphy, and angiography in diagnostic evaluation is explained, and treatment options, including conservative treatment, are then considered in detail. The discussion of endovascular treatment, or embolo-sclerotherapy, includes instruction on patient selection, embolic and sclerosing materials, access to the target lesion, site-specific variations in treatment strategy, and complications and their management. Indications for and performance of surgical/excisional therapy and laser therapy are also fully considered.