Springer Biomedical and Life Sciences eBooks 2017 English+International

Foreword; Preface to the Series; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 A Brief Introduction to the Vestibular System; 1.2 Visual-Vestibular Interactions; 1.3 Adaptation; 1.4 Motion Sickness; 1.5 Historical Perspective; Chapter 2: The Role of the Otoliths; 2.1 Which Functions Do the Otoliths Fulfil?; 2.2 Early Spaceflight-Related Studies of Otolith Responses; 2.3 Recent Postflight Testing of Otolith Function; 2.3.1 Utricle Function Tests; 2.3.2 Saccule Function Test; 2.4 Related Experimental Findings; 2.4.1 Subjective Vertical; 2.4.1.1 Single-Case Responses

2.4.2 Utriculo-Ocular Reflex2.4.3 Saccule Function Test; 2.4.4 Discussion of the Findings; 2.5 Summary; Appendix; Unilateral Centrifugation; Subjective Visual Vertical; Utriculo-Ocular Response; Cervical Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMPs); Chapter 3: The Three-Dimensional Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex During Prolonged Microgravity; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Test Procedure; 3.2 Spaceflight Findings; 3.2.1 Horizontal VOR; 3.2.2 Vertical VOR; 3.2.2.1 Up/Down Asymmetry; 3.2.3 Torsional VOR; 3.3 Summary; Chapter 4: Listing's Plane and the 3D-VOR in Microgravity; 4.1 Introduction

4.2 Parabolic Flight Study4.3 Spaceflight Study; 4.4 Summary; Appendix; Determination of Listing's Plane Coordinates; Determination of Minimal Gain Vector Coordinates; Chapter 5: Technology Developments and Transfer; 5.1 Eye Movement Measurement Technology; 5.2 The DLR Eye Tracking Device; 5.2.1 Front-End Image Processing; 5.2.2 Online Acquisition and Measurement; 5.2.3 Offline Image Evaluation; 5.2.4 Convention for Describing 3D Eye Position; 5.2.5 Offline 3D Tracking; 5.2.6 Determination of 3D Eye Position; 5.3 Laser Eye Surgery; 5.4 Clinical Diagnostic Testing

Chapter 3: The Three-Dimensional Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex During Prolonged MicrogravityChapter 4: Listing's Plane and the 3D-VOR in Microgravity; Chapter 5: Technology Developments and Transfer; Chapter 6: Clinical Applications and Related Projects

Chapter 6: Clinical Applications and Related Projects6.1 Unilateral Otolith Dysfunction; 6.2 Subjective Visual Vertical as a Clinical Test; 6.3 Testing Utricular Function by Means of On-Axis Rotation; 6.4 Head Pitch Affects Eye Torsion; 6.5 Migrainous Vertigo; 6.6 Benign Paroxysmal Positioning Nystagmus (BPPN); 6.7 Galvanic Stimulation of the Vestibular Labyrinth; 6.8 Vestibulo-Ocular Monitoring of Comatose Patients as Predictor of Outcome After Severe Brain Injury; 6.9 Vestibulo-Autonomic Regulation of Muscle Structure; References; Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: The Role of the Otoliths

This monograph describes the findings of spaceflight research related to spatial orientation, sensorimotor coordination and mental function. Exposed to the microgravity conditions of spaceflight, the human experiences a variety of physiological and psychological problems, which are presented here. Recent findings of sensory motor research in space are depicted and their benefits for life on earth discussed. The examination of the vestibulo-oculomotor system for example has led to the development of innovative devices for the measurement of three-dimensional eye and head movements. These devices are currently employed in Earthbound applications such as eye laser surgery. The book is written for students and researchers in neurosciences, biomedical engineering, for neurologists and psychologists as well as for persons wanting to know more about biomedical research in space and its application on earth.