Foreword; Preface; References; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Epidemiology of Headache in Children and Adolescents; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Magnitude of Headache Syndromes Among Children and Adolescents in the General Population; 1.3 Risk Factors and Correlates; 1.4 Incidence and Course of Disease; 1.5 Impact of Migraine; References; Chapter 2: Classification and Limits; References; Chapter 3: Migraine Genetics; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Syndromic Forms; 3.2.1 Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)

3.2.2 Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS)3.2.3 Retinal Vasculopathy and Cerebral Leukodystrophy (RVCL); 3.2.4 COL4A1-Related Syndromes; 3.2.5 Familial Anticipated Sleep Phase Syndrome (FASPS); 3.3 Monogenic Forms of Migraine; 3.4 Polygenic Forms; 3.4.1 Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS); 3.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Epigenetics; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Basic Mechanisms of Epigenetics; 4.3 Epigenetic Mechanisms in Migraine and Headache; 4.4 Epigenetics, Environmental Factors, and Comorbidities; 4.5 Conclusion; References

6.4 Mechanisms Linking Maltreatment and Headache6.5 Management in Children with Maltreatment and Headaches; 6.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 7: Childhood Episodic Syndromes That May Be Associated with Migraine; 7.1 Background; 7.2 Classification and Current State of Clinical Practice in Episodic Syndromes That May Be Associated with Migraine; 7.2.1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (ICHD-III Beta 1.6.1.1); 7.2.2 Abdominal Migraine (ICHD-III Beta 1.6.1.2); 7.2.3 Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood (ICHD-III Beta 1.6.2); 7.2.4 Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis of Infancy (ICHD-III Beta 1.6.3)

7.2.5 Infant Colic (ICHD-III Beta A1.6.4)7.2.6 Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC) (ICHD-III Beta A1.6.5); 7.2.7 Vestibular Migraine (ICHD-III Beta A1.6.6); 7.3 Pathogenetic Hypothesis, Treatment and Remaining Concerns in Episodic Syndromes; References; Chapter 8: Comorbidity with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; 8.1 Background; 8.2 ADHD Diagnosis and Prevalence; 8.3 Migraine and ADHD: Clinical Studies; 8.4 Migraine and ADHD: Populational Studies; 8.5 Zoom In; 8.6 Ongoing Work; 8.7 Treatment; 8.8 Conclusion; References

Chapter 5: Headache, Burden, and Quality of Life5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Burden of Pediatric Headache; 5.3 Quality of Life and Pediatric Headache; 5.4 Clinical Implications; References; Chapter 6: Child Abuse and Headache in Children and Adolescents; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Prevalence of Childhood Maltreatment in Headache Disorders; 6.3 Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Brain Development; 6.3.1 Structural and Functional Changes; 6.3.2 Effects on Cognitive and Neuropsychology Development; 6.3.2.1 Language; 6.3.2.2 Attention and Executive Function; 6.3.2.3 Memory and Learning

This book aims to provide clinicians and other practitioners and professionals with up-to-date information on how to evaluate and manage headaches in children and adolescents, highlighting the most recent recommendations. Unlike in other books on the subject, detailed attention is devoted to the various comorbidities commonly associated with headache, including psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities and medical conditions such as epilepsy, vascular disorders, brain tumors, atopic disease, and obesity. The intimate link between these conditions and headache is explained with a view to enabling the reader to recognize their presence and, on that basis, to institute the most effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment strategy. Moreover, knowledge of the comorbidities associated with headache will help readers to understand more fully the causes of this serious disorder and also its consequences, e.g., for school performance, relationships, and daily activities. The authors are all international experts who care for children with headache or the other described disorders.