Foreword; Acknowledgements; Editorial Introduction: The Proliferation of NPS as a `Game Changer f́or Public Health Policy; Contents; List of Contributors; The Global Emergence of NPS: An Analysis of a New Drug Trend; 1 Introduction: NPS Continue to Emerge on the Market at a Fast Pace; 2 Main Features and Trends of the NPS Problem: Global Perspective; 2.1 NPS: Stability and Change; 2.2 NPS Sold as Traditional Drugs; 2.3 NPS Products with Diverse Compositions; 3 Global NPS Use Trends; 3.1 Injecting Use of NPS; 4 Measures Taken to Address NPS and Remaining Challenges

2 The Global Governance of Drugs 1909-20173 The Logic and History of Scheduling; 4 The Global Scheduling System; 4.1 Scheduling Under the Single Convention; Schedule I; Schedule II; Schedule III; Schedule IV; Current Mechanisms for Scheduling; 5 A Different Regime: The 1971 Vienna Convention; 5.1 Changes in the Scope of Control of Substances; 5.2 The Criteria for Control: Art. 2, Para. 4; 5.3 The Schedules Under the Vienna Convention; 5.4 The Role of International Control; 6 The 1988 Convention; 7 Examining the Global Regulatory System as a Response to NPS; 8 Conclusions; References

4.1 Detection and Identification of NPS4.2 Monitoring and Early Warning Systems; 4.3 Legislative Responses; The International Drug Control System; National Legislative Responses; 4.4 Risk Communication and Demand Reduction; 4.5 Data Challenges; 5 Conclusions; References; Legislating NPS in the European Union; 1 Introduction; 2 European Early Warning System; 3 Current Legal Situation; 4 Council Decision 2005/387/JHA; 5 Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA; 6 Conclusions; References; Regulation as Global Drug Governance: How New Is the NPS Phenomenon?; 1 Introduction

5.2 Collaboration with Pharmaceutical Industry5.3 Collaboration with Governments; 6 Conclusions; References; Exploring Innovative Policy Responses to NPS and `Legal Highs ín New Zealand, Poland, Republic of Ireland and the UK; 1 Introduction; 2 NPS in the Republic of Ireland; 2.1 The Irish Psychoactive Substances Act 2010; 2.2 Impact of the New Legislation; 3 NPS in Poland; 3.1 Legislative Responses; 3.2 Poisonings Caused by NPS; 4 NPS in the UK; 4.1 The UK Psychoactive Substances Bill 2016; 5 NPS in New Zealand; 5.1 The Psychoactive Substances Act 2013

Anti-doping Challenges with Novel Psychoactive Substances in Sport1 Introduction; 2 Categories of Psychoactive Drugs Prohibited in Sport; 2.1 Stimulants; 2.2 Narcotics/Opioids; 2.3 Cannabinoids; 2.4 Other Prohibited Substances in Sport with Psychoactive Activity; 3 Psychoactive Drugs Not Prohibited in Sport; 4 Identification of NPS; 4.1 Challenges; 4.2 Analytical Identification; 4.3 Investigations; Direct Investigations; Collaboration with Law Enforcement Authorities; 5 Networking; 5.1 Collaboration with Public and Academic Drug Control and Addiction Organizations

In light of the recent emergence of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) on a global scale, this book provides a timely analysis of the social and economic impact of the NPS phenomenon, and of the global policy and regulatory responses to it. It presents the first comprehensive overview of the international regulation, policy and market structure of the NPS phenomenon, offering a guide to inform legislative discussions and demonstrating from a comparative perspective the different approaches used to address the rise of NPS to date. It covers topics such as organized crime, drug markets, clinical evidence on NPS, and different regulatory measures. Overall, this highly informative and well-structured repository of different experiences with NPS policy, law and regulation offers an essential primary source of evidence for anyone interested in the area of drug and NPS policy, health economics and public health.

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