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SpringerLink Springer Biomedical and Life Sciences eBooks 2017 English+International

Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Overview of Phylogenetic Approaches to Mycorrhizal Biogeography, Diversity and Evolution; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Barcoding, Species Delimitation, and the Need for Robust Phylogenies; 1.3 Reconstructing the Geographic Past: Phylo- and Biogeography; 1.4 Molecular Dating and the Fossil Record; 1.5 Tracking Species Richness Over Time and Space: Diversification Rates; 1.6 Evolutionary Ecology; 1.7 Methodological Biases and Caveats; 1.8 Conclusions and Future Directions; References; Chapter 2: Population Biology and Ecology of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi; 2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Fine-Scale Population Genetic Structure2.2.1 Mating System and Colonisation Following Forest Stage; 2.2.2 Species Écological Strategy and Environmental Constraints; 2.2.3 Above- and Belowground Patterns of Genet Distribution; 2.2.4 Local Dispersal Patterns; 2.2.5 Cryptic Sexuality; 2.3 Response to Environment and Biotic Interactions; 2.3.1 Environmental Constraints Shape EcMF Populations; 2.3.2 EcMF Specialisation Towards Hosts; 2.3.3 Impact of Dispersal on Population Structure; 2.4 Landscape and Habitat Distribution Shape Modern and Past Populations.

2.4.1 Isolation By Distance Among Populations2.4.2 Landscape Genetics; 2.4.3 Extensive Gene Flow; 2.4.4 Co-migration with Hosts; 2.5 Conclusions and Perspectives; References; Chapter 3: Spore Dispersal in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi at Fine and Regional Scales; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Spore Liberation; 3.3 Into the Air; 3.4 Short-Distance Wind Dispersal: Home Is Where the Roots Are; 3.5 Medium-Distance Wind Dispersal: How Far Is Too Far?; 3.6 Ascomycota; 3.7 Secondary Homothallism; 3.8 Mycophagy; 3.9 Resistant Spores; 3.10 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References.

5.2 Environmental Factors5.3 General Altitudinal Patterns in Terrestrial Ecosystems; 5.4 The Distribution of Fungi Along Altitudinal Gradients; 5.4.1 General Aspects; 5.4.2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi; 5.4.3 Ectomycorrhizal Fungi; 5.4.4 Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi; 5.4.5 Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi; 5.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Lineages: Detection of Four New Groups and Notes on Consistent Recognition of Ectomycorrhiza ... ; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Approaches; 6.3 Additional EcM Fungal Lineages; 6.4 New Names for Previously Known EcM Lineages.

Chapter 4: Processes Maintaining the Coexistence of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi at a Fine Spatial Scale4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Ecological Selection; 4.2.1 Selective Processes: Fundamental Niche Differences Among Ectomycorrhizal Fungi; 4.2.2 Selective Processes: Competition Among Fungi and Between Fungi and Plant Roots; 4.2.3 Outcomes of Selection: Realized Niche Partitioning; 4.3 Drift; 4.4 Dispersal; 4.5 Synthesizing Dispersal, Drift, and Selection: Priority Effects; 4.6 Speciation; 4.7 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Altitudinal Gradients in Mycorrhizal Symbioses; 5.1 Introduction.

This book offers a timely overview and synthesis of biogeographic patterns of plants and fungi and their mycorrhizal associations across geographic scales. Written by leading experts in the field, it provides an updated definition of mycorrhizal types and establishes the best practices of modern biogeographic analyses. Individual chapters address the basic processes and mechanisms driving community ecology, population biology and dispersal in mycorrhizal fungi, which differ greatly from these of prokaryotes, plants and animals. Other chapters review the state-of-the-art knowledge about the distribution, ecology and biogeography of all mycorrhizal types and the most important fungal groups involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis. The book argues that molecular methods have revolutionized our understanding of the ecology and biogeography of mycorrhizal symbiosis and that rapidly evolving high-throughput identification and genomics tools will provide unprecedented information about the structure and functioning of mycorrhizal symbiosis on a global scale. This volume appeals to scientists in the fields of plant and fungal ecology and biogeography.