5.2.4 19F-Labeled Perfluorocarbons and€MRI.

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Contributors; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Global Burden of€Infectious Diseases; 1.2 Molecular Imaging; 1.3 The Problem; 1.4 The Solution; 1.5 Biocontainment; 1.6 Human Translation of€PET Tracers; 1.7 Imaging Infections: From€Bench to€Bedside; 1.7.1 Imaging in€the€Clinic; 1.7.2 Molecular Imaging Techniques; 1.7.3 Imaging Host Responses; 1.7.4 Pathogen-Specific Tracers; 1.7.5 Neuroimaging; 1.7.6 Antimicrobial Development; 1.7.7 Image Analyses; 1.7.8 Imaging in€the€Developing World; 1.8 Summary; References; Chapter 2: Clinical Imaging; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Anatomical Imaging Tests.

2.2.1 Computed Tomography2.2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 2.2.3 Ultrasonography; 2.3 Molecular Imaging Tests; 2.3.1 Nonspecific Agents; 2.3.1.1 Single-Photon-Emitting (SPECT) Radiopharmaceuticals; Gallium-67 Citrate; Labeled Leukocytes; 2.3.1.2 Positron-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals; 18F-FDG; Other PET Radiopharmaceuticals; Gallium-68 Citrate; 2.3.2 Infection-Specific Agents; 2.3.2.1 SPECT Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiolabeled Antibiotics; 111In-Biotin; Radiolabeled Antimicrobial Peptides; 2.3.2.2 PET Radiopharmaceuticals; 2.4 Summary; References; Chapter 3: Optical Imaging; 3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Bioluminescent Imaging3.3 Fluorescence Imaging; 3.4 Development of€Bioluminescent and€Fluorescent Microorganisms; 3.5 Bacterial Imaging; 3.6 Fungal Imaging; 3.7 Parasite Imaging; 3.8 Viral Imaging; 3.9 Translation to€the€Clinic; 3.9.1 Bacterial Surface Probes; 3.9.2 Antibiotic Probes; 3.9.3 Bacteriophage and€Antibody Probes; 3.9.4 Metabolizable Probes; 3.9.5 Activatable Probes; 3.10 Photoacoustic Imaging; 3.11 Multimodality Imaging; 3.12 Photodynamic Therapy; 3.13 Conclusions and€Future Directions; 3.14 Summary; References; Chapter 4: Radiochemistry; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Radionuclides.

4.2.1 Iodine Radionuclides4.2.2 Carbon-11 (C-11, 11C); 4.2.3 Fluorine-18 (F-18, 18F); 4.2.4 Technetium-99m (Tc-99m, 99mTc); 4.2.5 Copper-64 (Cu-64, 64Cu); 4.2.6 Gallium-68 (Ga-68, 68Ga); 4.2.7 Gallium-67 (Ga-67, 67Ga); 4.2.8 Indium-111 (In-111, 111In); 4.3 Examples of€Infection Imaging Agents; 4.3.1 67Ga-Citrate SPECT; 4.3.2 111In-Oxine-Leukocyte SPECT; 4.3.3 99mTc-HMPAO-Leukocyte-SPECT (CERETEC®); 4.3.4 18F-FDG PET; 4.3.5 99mTc-Sn-Colloid SPECT (Leukocyte®); 4.3.6 99mTc-MDP SPECT; 4.3.7 99mTc-Besilesomab SPECT (Scintimun®); 4.3.8 99mTc-Sulesomab SPECT (LeukoScan®).

4.3.9 99mTc-Sulfur-Nanocolloids SPECT (Nanocoll®)4.4 Experimental Radiotracers for€Infection Imaging; 4.4.1 Synthetics and€Biomimetics; 4.4.2 Antibiotics; 4.4.3 Radiolabeled Cells; 4.4.4 Bacteria-Specific Sugars; 4.4.5 Macromolecules and€Antibodies; 4.4.6 Small Peptide Fragments; 4.4.7 Other Agents; 4.5 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Imaging the€Host Response; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Leukocyte Tracking; 5.2.1 [111In]Oxyquinoline and€[99mTc]HMPAO; 5.2.2 18F-2-Fluoro-Deoxy-d-Glucose (18F-FDG) Ex Vivo Labeling of€Leukocytes; 5.2.3 Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Labeling and€T2-Weighted MRI.

This books brings together multi-disciplinary expertise to provide comprehensive information about molecular imaging of infectious diseases. Also described are the development of new imaging technologies for infectious disease and their translation to the clinic. The overall goal of Imaging Infections: From Bench to Bedside is to spur interest and innovation in this emerging field. We anticipate that these technologies will not only allow unique insights into understanding pathogenesis of infections but also expedite bench-to-bedside translation of new therapeutics. While molecular imaging is already in common use in the clinic, this book demonstrates how it could also become a valuable tool for clinical studies, patient care, public health, and for enabling precision medicine for infectious diseases.