SpringerLink Springer Biomedical and Life Sciences eBooks 2017 English+International

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Preface; Contents; About the Author; 1 Microscopy-Introduction; 1.1 Lenses; 1.2 The Microscope; 1.2.1 The Objective Lens; 1.2.2 The Eyepiece; 1.2.3 The Compound Microscope; 1.3 Resolution and Resolution Limits; 1.3.1 Abbe's Formula; 1.3.2 Luminous Dots; 1.3.3 The Full Width Half Maximum; 1.3.4 So, What Is the Correct Answer?; 1.4 Beyond the Resolution Limit; Further Reading; 2 Fluorescence; 2.1 What Is Fluorescence?; 2.1.1 The Fluorescence Process; 2.1.2 Color Games; 2.1.3 Lifetimes; 2.2 Fluorescence and Microscopy; 2.2.1 Power Ratio of Excitation and Emission.

2.2.2 Transmitted Light Fluorescence and Incident Light Fluorescence2.2.3 Illumination; 2.2.4 Excitation Filter; 2.2.5 Incident Light Beam Splitters; 2.2.6 Emission Filter; 2.3 Artificial Colors; Further Reading; 3 Confocal Microscopy; 3.1 The Motive; 3.2 The Principle; 3.2.1 Spot Illumination; 3.2.2 Point Detection; 3.3 The Scanned Image; 3.3.1 Recording; 3.3.2 Scan Procedure; 3.3.3 Slice Thickness; 3.3.4 The Third Dimension; 3.4 Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy; 3.5 Elements of a Confocal Microscope; 3.5.1 Light Source; 3.5.2 Excitation Filter; 3.5.3 Primary Beam Splitter.

3.5.4 Beam Scanner3.5.5 Objective Lens; 3.5.6 Channel Separation; 3.5.7 Emission Filter; 3.5.8 Sensors; 3.6 The "White Confocal"; Further Reading; 4 Light Sources; 4.1 Laser; 4.2 Laser Types; 4.3 White Light Laser; Further Reading; 5 Acousto-Optical Excitation Filter; 5.1 How Does an Acousto-Optical Filter Work?; 5.2 Multichannel Dimmer for Laser Light; 5.3 Spectral Freedom: AOTF and White Light Laser; Further Reading; 6 White Beam Splitting; 6.1 Acousto-Optical Beam Splitter; 6.2 AOBS and White Light Source; Further Reading; 7 Splitting of Emissions; 7.1 Prism; 7.1.1 Optical Grating.

7.2 Continuous Change of Direction: The SpectrumFurther Reading; 8 Emission Filtering; 8.1 The Line Detector; 8.2 The Multiband Detector; Further Reading; 9 Separation in the Time Domain; 9.1 Sensors Sense Photons; 9.1.1 Photomultiplier Tubes; 9.1.2 Avalanche Photodiodes; 9.1.3 Hybrid Detector; 9.2 White Fluorescence Measurement: FLIM; 9.3 A White Filter with High Selectivity; Further Reading.

This book offers a comprehensive introduction to confocal microscopy - with a particular focus on spectral confocal microscopy. Beginning with an introduction to optical lenses, it provides a guide to compound microscopes and explains related topics like microscopic resolution. It then presents an outline of fluorescence and its corresponding implications for microscopy. The following excursus on the confocal beam paths includes implementation of acousto-optical devices and modern sensor techniques. Complex relationships are explained in a comprehensible manner, supported by many graphical figures. Discussing the principles of magnifying optics and the technical fundamentals and modes of operation of modern laser scanning microscopes, it is a valuable resource for student and lab technicians as well as faculty members.