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Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Acronyms and Symbols; 1 Introduction-The Reason for Paradigm Shift in Transportation Science; 1.1 Definitions of Free and Congested Traffic in Empirical Data ; 1.2 Bottlenecks ; 1.3 Definitions of Synchronized Flow and Wide Moving Jam Phases in Empirical Data for Congested Traffic ; 1.4 Traffic Breakdown ; 1.5 Empirical Phase Transitions in Traffic Flow ; 1.6 Empirical Fundamental of Transportation Science ; 1.7 The Origin of Failure of Classical Traffic and Transportation Theories ; 1.7.1 Nature of Stochastic Highway Capacity.

1.7.2 Description of Traffic Breakdown with Classical Traffic Flow Models 1.7.2.1 About Applications of LWR-Model; 1.7.2.2 About Traffic Flow Models of General Motors (GM) Model Class; 1.7.2.3 Common Critical Statements to Classical Traffic Flow Models and Their Applications; 1.7.2.4 About Achievements of Classical Traffic Flow Models; 1.7.3 Deterioration of Traffic System Through Standard Dynamic Traffic Assignment in Networks ; 1.7.4 Failure of Applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Based on Classical Traffic Theories.

1.8 Classical Ideas of Transportation Science and Nucleation Nature of Empirical Traffic Breakdown 1.9 Three-Phase Traffic Theory ; 1.10 Infinite Number of Stochastic Highway Capacities in Three-Phase Theory ; 1.11 Breakdown Minimization (BM) Principle ; 1.12 Mathematical Three-Phase Traffic Flow Models and ITS-Applications of Three-Phase Theory ; 1.13 Criticism of Three-Phase Traffic Theory ; 1.14 Incommensurability of Three-Phase Traffic Theory and Classical Traffic Theories ; 1.15 Objectives of the Book ; 1.16 Book's Structure ; References.

2 Achievements of Empirical Studies of Traffic Breakdown at Highway Bottlenecks; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Empirical Features of Traffic Breakdown ; 2.2.1 Traffic Breakdown-Transition from Free to Synchronized Flow at Highway Bottleneck ; 2.2.2 Time-Dependence of Flow Rate During Empirical Traffic Breakdown at Highway Bottleneck ; 2.3 Stochastic Behavior and Probability of Traffic Breakdown at Highway Bottleneck; 2.4 Conclusions ; References; 3 Nucleation Nature of Traffic Breakdown-Empirical Fundamental of Transportation Science; 3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Definitions of Empirical Spontaneous and Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdowns at Highway Bottlenecks 3.3 Explanation of Term ``Nucleus'' for Traffic Breakdown ; 3.4 Nucleation of Empirical Spontaneous Traffic Breakdown at Highway Bottlenecks ; 3.4.1 Waves in Empirical Free Flow ; 3.4.2 Empirical Nucleation of Traffic Breakdown at On-Ramp Bottleneck; 3.4.3 Empirical Nucleation of Traffic Breakdown at Off-Ramp Bottleneck ; 3.4.4 Empirical Permanent Speed Disturbance at Highway Bottleneck and Nucleation of Traffic Breakdown.

This book offers a detailed investigation of breakdowns in traffic and transportation networks. It shows empirically that transitions from free flow to so-called synchronized flow, initiated by local disturbances at network bottlenecks, display a nucleation-type behavior: while small disturbances in free flow decay, larger ones grow further and lead to breakdowns at the bottlenecks. Further, it discusses in detail the significance of this nucleation effect for traffic and transportation theories, and the consequences this has for future automatic driving, traffic control, dynamic traffic assignment, and optimization in traffic and transportation networks. Starting from a large volume of field traffic data collected from various sources obtained solely through measurements in real world traffic, the author develops his insights, with an emphasis less on reviewing existing methodologies, models and theories, and more on providing a detailed analysis of empirical traffic data and drawing consequences regarding the minimum requirements for any traffic and transportation theories to be valid. The book - proves the empirical nucleation nature of traffic breakdown in networks - discusses the origin of the failure of classical traffic and transportation theories - shows that the three-phase theory is incommensurable with the classical traffic theories, and - explains why current state-of-the art dynamic traffic assignments tend to provoke heavy traffic congestion, making it a valuable reference resource for a wide audience of scientists and postgraduate students interested in the fundamental understanding of empirical traffic phenomena and related data-driven phenomenology, as well as for practitioners working in the fields of traffic and transportation engineering.