SpringerLink Springer Engineering eBooks 2017 English+International

Incluye referencias bibliográficas

Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations and Symbols; 1 Introduction to Fractional-Order Elements and Devices; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Historical Background; 1.3 Motivation; 1.4 What is a ``Fractance'' or ``Fractional-Order Device''?; 1.5 The Case for Power -- law (``Fractional'') Dynamics; 1.6 A Brief Introduction to the Fractional Calculus; 1.7 The Push for a New Electronic Device; References; 2 Devices; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Discrete Element Approximations of Fractional-Order Elements; 2.3 Early Fractional-Order Devices (FOD); 2.3.1 Platinum Nanowire in Polymer; 2.3.2 Lithium-Ion Type.

2.3.3 Modified Lithium-Ion Type2.3.4 Other Lithium-Ion Attempts; 2.4 Nanostructured Materials as Fractional-Order Elements; 2.4.1 IPMC Structure and Working Principles; 2.4.2 Linearity Study; 2.4.3 Carbon Black-Based FOE; 2.4.4 FOE Under Test and Experimental Setup; 2.5 Other Solid-State Devices; 2.6 Solution-Based Systems; 2.6.1 Fabrication Details of the Solution-Based FOE; 2.6.2 The Parameter Dependence of the FOE; 2.6.3 CNT -- Polymer Composite-Based Wideband FOE; 2.6.4 Fractance-Based Sensor; 2.7 Lesson Learned; References; 3 Demonstrations and Applications of Fractional-Order Devices.

3.1 Introduction3.2 Circuit and System Design Using Fractional-Order Elements; 3.3 Control System Demonstrations; 3.3.1 Temperature Control Demonstration; 3.3.2 Robotics Control Demonstration; 3.4 Cascaded Circuit Demonstration; 3.5 Circuit Demonstrations Using Solution-Based FOE; 3.5.1 Filter Circuit Demonstration; 3.5.2 PLL Circuit Demonstration; 3.5.3 Resonator Circuit Demonstration; 3.6 Conclusion; References; 4 Fractional-Order Models of Vegetable Tissues; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Empirical Fractional-Order Models; 4.3 On the Fractional-Order Models of Vegetable Tissues.

4.4 Modeling Different Size Stems of a Plant4.5 Modeling Fruits and Vegetables; 4.6 Clustering and Visualizing; 4.7 Conclusions; References; 5 Future Directions; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Challenges and Opportunities; 5.3 Achieving Specific Fractional-Order and Longer Working Lifetimes; 5.4 Advanced Research Opportunities; 5.5 Dynamic Fractance and Memfractance; 5.6 Generalizing Ohm's Law; 5.7 Teaching Fractional Calculus and Its Applications; 5.8 Conclusion; References.

This book focuses on two specific areas related to fractional order systems - the realization of physical devices characterized by non-integer order impedance, usually called fractional-order elements (FOEs); and the characterization of vegetable tissues via electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) - and provides readers with new tools for designing new types of integrated circuits. The majority of the book addresses FOEs. The interest in these topics is related to the need to produce "analogue" electronic devices characterized by non-integer order impedance, and to the characterization of natural phenomena, which are systems with memory or aftereffects and for which the fractional-order calculus tool is the ideal choice for analysis. FOEs represent the building blocks for designing and realizing analogue integrated electronic circuits, which the authors believe hold the potential for a wealth of mass-market applications. The freedom to choose either an integer- or non-integer-order analogue integrator/derivator is a new one for electronic circuit designers. The book shows how specific non-integer-order impedance elements can be created using materials with specific structural properties. EIS measures the electrical impedance of a specimen across a given range of frequencies, producing a spectrum that represents the variation of the impedance versus frequency - a technique that has the advantage of avoiding aggressive examinations. Biological tissues are complex systems characterized by dynamic processes that occur at different lengths and time scales; this book proposes a model for vegetable tissues that describes the behavior of such materials by considering the interactions among various relaxing phenomena and memory effects.