Incluye índice

SpringerLink Springer Biomedical and Life Sciences eBooks 2017 English+International

The Concept of Biofilm-Related Implant Malfunction and 'Low-Grade Infection; 1 Introduction; 2 Biofouling in Industry and Working Machines; 3 Biofilms and Biofouling in Implanted Biomaterials; 4 Biofilm-Related Malfunction, Low- and High-Grade Infection and Thresholds for Clinical Interference; 4.1 Subclinical Contamination and Implant Malfunction; 4.2 Low-Grade Infection; 4.3 High-Grade Infection; 5 Conclusions; References; Mechanisms of Bacterial Colonization of Implants and Host Response; 1 Introduction; 2 Bacteria and Host: A Complex and Multifaceted Relationship.

3 Colonization of Implants: The First Step of Implant Infection4 Inflammation: An Essential and Telling Response to Infection; 5 The Host Response to Bacterial Infection; 6 Host Defense Against Bacterial Biofilms; 7 When and Why Biofilms Cause Implant-Associated Infections?; References; Animal Models of Implant-Related Low-Grade Infections. A Twenty-Year Review; 1 Introduction; 2 Methods: Inclusion Criteria and Search Strategy; 3 Results and Discussion; 3.1 Animal Species, Bacterial Strain, Site of Inoculum and Type of Implants.

3.2 Animal Models of Orthopedic Infections Induced by Highly Virulent Pathogens at Low Bacterial Inocula3.2.1 Models of Post-traumatic Osteomyelitis by Direct Injection of Bacterial Suspensions; 3.2.2 Models of Osteomyelitis by Bacterial-Loaded Carriers; 3.2.3 Models of Implant-Related Orthopedic Infections: Intramedullary Devices; 3.2.4 Models of Intramedullary Antimicrobial Treatment of Implant-Related Infections; 3.2.5 Models of Implant-Related Orthopedic Infections: Unicortical Bone Defects; 3.2.6 Models of Osteomyelitis in Synthesized Fractures.

3.2.1 Periprosthetic Tissues3.2.2 Sampling by Swabs; 3.2.3 Prosthetic Implants; 3.2.4 Gram Staining; 3.2.5 Susceptibility Testing; 3.3 Molecular Analysis; 4 National Recommendations for Diagnosis of PJIs; 5 Cost/Benefit Analysis of Microbiological Diagnosis; 6 Conclusions; References; The Role of Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Implant-Related Infections in Orthopaedics and Trauma; 1 Introduction; 2 Conventional Diagnostic Tools for PJI Diagnosis; 3 Biomarkers in Medicine; 4 Biomarkers of Periprosthetic Joint Infection; 4.1 Serum Biomarkers; 4.2 Synovial Biomarkers.

3.3 Animal Models of Orthopedic Infections Induced by Low Virulent Pathogens4 Conclusions; References; Microbiological Diagnosis of Implant-Related Infections: Scientific Evidence and Cost/Benefit Analysis of Routine Antibiofilm Processing; 1 Introduction; 2 Microbial Etiology of PJIs; 2.1 Biofilm Related Infections; 2.2 Microorganisms Responsible of PJIs; 2.2.1 Staphylococci; 2.2.2 Enterococci; 2.2.3 Streptococci; 2.2.4 Gram Negative Bacilli; 2.2.5 Anaerobes; 2.2.6 Uncommon Microorganisms; 3 Microbiological Diagnosis; 3.1 Preoperative Cultures; 3.2 Intra-operative Cultures.

This book discusses Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI), which remains one of the most common problems necessitating revision arthroplasty. It pursues a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together opinions from the leading experts in the field. The book identifies the potential causes of these infections, provides sound diagnostic criteria guidelines, and explains how these prosthetic infections are managed from orthopedic surgery, clinical and diagnostic perspectives. PJI can lead to multiple revision surgeries and significant patient morbidity. Periprosthetic infection rates remain around 1-2% after primary total hip and knee arthroplasty and account for approximately 7-12% of all revision cases. Orthopedic hardware infections are much-feared and costly complications that can occur when these devices are implemented both in traumatic cases as well as in joint replacement surgery. Because these infections can lead to higher morbidity, it is important to understand their pathophysiology and the principles behind their diagnosis and initial treatment. The pathogenesis of these kinds of infections is intimately connected to the biofilm-producing trait characteristic of many microorganisms, which can have a critical effect on the likely success of treatments. The book offers a unique guide for all scientists working in arthroplasty who are seeking an update on the field, and for newcomers alike.