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Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology.

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Synopsis; I Systems, Entities as Part of a Whole; Systems as Objects of Study; Behaviour of Systems; II System Approaches; Blackbox Approach; Aggregation Strata; III Processes; Static and Dynamic Systems; Processes: Change of State; Function; IV Control of Processes; Directing; Feedback; Feedforward; Completing Deficiencies; V Steady-State Model; Coding and Decoding; Quality Filters; Buffers and Overflow Valves; Initiation and Evaluation; Limitations of the Steady-State Model; VI Autopoiesis; Structurally Closed and Self-Referential; Allopoietic Systems; VII Complex Adaptive Systems.

3.5 Systems Hierarchy of Boulding3.6 Summary; References; 4 Generic Approaches to Problem Analysis and Solving; 4.1 Types of Decision Making; Programmed Decisions; Non-Programmed Decisions; Decisions in Crises; 4.2 Problem Analysis; Problem Definition; Analysing Problems; Redefining Problem Definition; 4.3 Finding and Weighing Alternatives; Generating Alternatives and Principle Solutions; Weighing Alternatives; [Pugh's] Controlled Convergence Method; 4.4 Decision Making; Multiple-criteria Decision Making; Decision Trees; Satisficing; Case-Based Reasoning; Decision Making in Groups.

Abilene Paradox4.5 Implementation of Solutions; Detailing of Solution; Effectuation of Solution; 4.6 Evaluation of Solutions; 4.7 Overview of Process for Problem Solving and Decision Making; 4.8 Some Further Notes; 4.9 Summary; References; 5 Processes; 5.1 Processes as Interaction; 5.2 Types of Processes; Homeostatic Processes; Adaptive Processes; Depicting Processes; 5.3 Primary and Secondary Processes; Primary Process; Secondary Processes; 5.4 Process and Function; 5.5 Systems of Resources; 5.6 Behaviour and Processes; 5.7 Processes and Blackbox Approach; 5.8 Business Process Mapping.

AttributesEmergence; Wholeness and Independence; 2.3 Subsystems; 2.4 Aspectsystems; 2.5 State of Systems; 2.6 Behaviour of Systems; 2.7 Systems Boundary; 2.8 Summary; References; 3 System Approaches; 3.1 Modelling and Abstraction; Classification; Aggregation; Generalisation; 3.2 Blackbox Approach; 3.3 Deductive, Inductive and Abductive Reasoning; Deductive Reasoning; Equifinality, Homeostasis and Deductive Reasoning; Inductive Reasoning; Abductive Reasoning; 3.4 Types of Models; Isomorphism; Homomorphism; Analogies and Metaphors; Qualitative Models; Quantitative Models; Overview of Models.

Simple RulesFitness Landscapes; VIII Breakthrough Model; IX Model for the Dynamic Adaptation Capability; Contents; Foreword to the Second Edition; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Concise History of Systems Theories; 1.2 Application of Systems Theories; 1.3 Foundations of Applied Systems Theory; 1.4 Hard Systems Approach vs. Soft Systems Approach; 1.5 Who Might Benefit from Applied Systems Theory and How?; 1.6 Outline of Book; References; 2 Basic Concepts of Systems Theories; 2.1 Systems; Defining Systems; Elements; Relationships; Universe; Environment; 2.2 Properties of Systems; Content; Structure.

Offering an up-to-date account of systems theories and its applications, this book provides a different way of resolving problems and addressing challenges in a swift and practical way, without losing overview and grip on the details. From this perspective, it offers a different way of thinking in order to incorporate different perspectives and to consider multiple aspects of any given problem. Drawing examples from a wide range of disciplines, it also presents worked cases to illustrate the principles. The multidisciplinary perspective and the formal approach to modelling of systems and processes of 'Applied Systems Theory' makes it suitable for managers, engineers, students, researchers, academics and professionals from a wide range of disciplines; they can use this 'toolbox' for describing, analysing and designing biological, engineering and organisational systems as well as getting a better understanding of societal problems. This revised, updated and expanded second edition includes coverage of abductive reasoning, the relevance of systems theories for research methods and a new chapter about problem analysis and solving based on systems theories.