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Preface; Contents; 1: Metabolism of Macronutrients; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Carbohydrates; 1.2.1 Carbohydrates as Energy Substrate; 1.2.2 Nonenergy Roles of Carbohydrates; 1.2.3 Regulation of Glucose Metabolism; 1.2.4 Effects of Stress on Glucose Metabolism; 1.2.5 Glucose Metabolism During Fasting or Low Carbohydrate Intake; 1.2.6 Carbohydrates in Nutrition; 1.2.6.1 Monosaccharides; 1.2.6.2 Disaccharides; 1.2.6.3 Oligosaccharides; 1.2.6.4 Polysaccharides; 1.2.7 Dosages of Carbohydrates in Nutrition; 1.3 Lipids; 1.3.1 Lipid Metabolism; 1.3.1.1 Digestion and Absorption.

1.3.1.2 Metabolism of Plasma Lipoproteins1.3.2 Lipid Metabolism in Fasting Conditions; 1.3.3 Influence of Trauma, Sepsis, and Organ Failure; 1.3.4 Lipids in Nutrition; 1.3.4.1 Parenteral Nutrition; 1.4 Proteins; 1.4.1 Synthesis of Proteins; 1.4.2 Breakdown of Proteins; 1.4.3 Protein Turnover; 1.4.4 Changes in Protein Turnover; 1.4.5 Nonprotein Functions of Amino Acids; 1.4.6 Recommended Protein Intake; References; 2: Screening and Assessment of Malnutrition; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Nutritional Screening; 2.3 Nutritional Assessment; 2.4 Diagnostic Criteria of Malnutrition.

4.2.3 Access for Enteral Nutrition4.2.3.1 Oral Nutritional Support; 4.2.3.2 Transnasal Route; 4.2.3.3 Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy; Techniques for PEG Placement; 4.2.3.4 Jejunostomy; PEG Jejunostomy (PEG-J); Direct Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy (D-PEJ); 4.2.3.5 Surgical Gastrostomy-Jejunostomy; 4.2.4 Feeding by the Enteral Tube; 4.2.5 Enteral Nutrition Products; 4.2.6 Complications of Enteral Nutrition; 4.2.6.1 Gastrointestinal Complications; 4.2.6.2 Mechanic Complications; 4.2.6.3 Metabolic Complications; 4.3 Parenteral Nutrition.

4.3.1 Routes of Parenteral Nutrition4.3.1.1 Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition; Catheter Placement; Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; Complications; 4.3.1.2 Central Parenteral Nutrition; Central Venous Catheters; Catheter Placement; Catheter Care; 4.3.2 Systems for the Administration of Parenteral Nutrition; 4.3.2.1 Multiple Bottle Systems; 4.3.2.2 All in One Systems; Preparing the AIO Mixture ("Compounding"); Manufactured Mixtures; 4.3.3 The Issue of Stability and Compatibility in Parenteral Nutrition; 4.3.4 Drugs and Parenteral Nutrition; 4.3.5 Planning Parenteral Nutrition.

This book offers focused and concise coverage of all issues relating to malnutrition in the field of neurology, and in particular addresses practical aspects of nutritional support from a neurology perspective. In addition to providing basic knowledge on important nutritional concepts (body metabolism, assessment and diagnosis of malnutrition, epidemiology, enteral/parenteral nutrition), detailed information is presented on nutritional support for various neurologic disorders handled in a variety of settings, including the neurointensive care unit. Much consideration is also given to the diagnosis and management of dysphagia, which is a common and highly critical cause of malnutrition in these patients. Finally, the newly developing concept of neuronutrition (or brain foods) - the use of certain nutrients for treatment of neurologic disorders - is discussed. By providing practical solutions to commonly encountered challenges in the nutritional management of neurologic patients, this book will prove a valuable resource for practicing neurologists in a wide variety of fields. It will also be very useful for medical personnel from other specialties such as clinical nutrition, critical care, and geriatric medicine.

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