SpringerLink Springer Engineering eBooks 2017 English+International

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Acknowledgements; Contents; Acronyms; Part I Introduction and Motivation; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Context and Motivation; 1.2 Goals and Problem Statement; 1.2.1 Display Blindness; 1.2.2 Interaction Blindness; 1.2.3 Immediate Usability; 1.2.4 Motivation; 1.3 Research Questions; 2 Methodology; 2.1 Ethics; Part II Background; 3 State of the Art; 3.1 Interactive Public Displays and Digital Signage; 3.1.1 Stages of Interaction; 3.1.2 Overcoming Display Blindness; 3.2 Communicating Interactivity; 3.2.1 Immediate Usability; 3.3 Visual Attention; 3.4 Revealing Gestures; 3.4.1 Gestures.

3.4.2 Gesture Revelation and Guidance3.4.3 Mid-Air Gestures; 3.5 Item Selection; 3.5.1 Menu Techniques; 3.5.2 From Multi-touch to Mid-Air; 4 Technology; 4.1 Range Imaging; 4.1.1 Structured Light; 4.1.2 Time-of-Flight; Part III Studies; 5 A Field Study on Communicating Interactivty; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Psychological Cues and Interactivity; 5.2.1 Representation: Recognizing Oneself; 5.2.2 Abstraction, Biological Motion, and Body Schema; 5.2.3 Perceptual Causality and Animacy; 5.2.4 Relevance for this Study; 5.3 Studies; 5.3.1 Hardware and Implementation; 5.3.2 Study Design.

5.4 Preliminary Study5.5 Laboratory Study; 5.5.1 Conditions; 5.5.2 Task and Stimulus; 5.5.3 Apparatus and Design; 5.5.4 Results; 5.5.5 Discussion; 5.6 Field Study; 5.6.1 Deployment; 5.6.2 Conditions; 5.6.3 Data Analysis; 5.6.4 Findings; 5.7 Conclusion; 6 Visual Attention Analysis; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Experiment; 6.2.1 Interface Elements; 6.2.2 Participants and Apparatus; 6.2.3 Tasks; 6.2.4 Procedure and Methodology; 6.3 Results; 6.3.1 Visual Attention; 6.3.2 Recognition and Recall; 6.3.3 Visual Behavior over Time; 6.3.4 Qualitative Findings; 6.4 Discussion; 6.4.1 Limitations; 6.5 Conclusion.

7 A Field Study on Visualizing Gesture Hints7.1 Introduction; 7.2 StrikeAPose; 7.2.1 Game; 7.2.2 Teapot Gesture; 7.2.3 Revelation Strategies; 7.3 Laboratory Study; 7.3.1 Experimental Design; 7.3.2 Results; 7.3.3 Optimizing Strategies; 7.4 Field Study; 7.4.1 Quantitative Results; 7.4.2 Qualitative Results; 7.5 Generalizability and Limitations; 7.6 Conclusion; 8 A Field Study on Mid-Air Item Selection; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Design Space; 8.3 Pilot Study; 8.3.1 Results; 8.4 Iterative Design Study; 8.4.1 Selection Techniques; 8.4.2 Apparatus and Participants; 8.4.3 Instructions and Task.

8.5 Field Study8.5.1 System; 8.5.2 Techniques; 8.5.3 Data Analysis; 8.5.4 Results; 8.6 Recommendations; 8.7 Conclusion; Part IV Conclusion; 9 Conclusion; 10 Future Work; Colophon ; References.

This book develops valuable new approaches to digital out-of-home media and digital signage in urban environments. It offers solutions for communicating interactive features of digital signage to passers-by. Digital out-of-home media and digital signage screens are becoming increasingly interactive thanks to touch input technology and gesture recognition. To optimize their conversion rate, interactive public displays must 1) attract attention, 2) communicate to passers-by that they are interactive, 3) explain the interaction, and 4) provide a motivation for passers-by to interact. This book highlights solutions to problems 2 and 3 above. The focus is on whole-body interaction, where the positions and orientations of users and their individual body parts are captured by specialized sensors (e.g., depth cameras). The book presents revealing findings from a field study on communicating interactivity, a laboratory on analysing visual attention, a field study on mid-air gestures, and a field study on using mid-air gestures to select items on interactive public displays.