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Foreword; Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1: Introduction and General Principles; 1.1 Why Minimally Invasive Surgery in Children?; 1.1.1 Potential Benefits; 1.1.1.1 Postoperative Pain and Recovery; 1.1.1.2 Cosmetic Advantages; 1.1.1.3 Blunting of the Metabolic Response; 1.1.1.4 Thermoregulation and Energy Metabolism; 1.1.1.5 Visualisation and Magnification; 1.1.2 Potential Hazards of MIS; 1.1.2.1 Carbon Dioxide Absorption from the Surgical Cavity; 1.1.2.2 Mechanical Effects of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation; 1.1.2.3 Learning Curve; 1.2 When Should MIS Be Used in Children?

1.2.1 Indications and Contraindications1.2.2 Specific Operations; 1.2.3 Clinical Status; 1.3 Who Should Perform MIS in Children?; 1.3.1 Training and Competence; 1.3.2 Mentorship; 1.3.3 Continued Development; 1.4 Where Should MIS in Children Take Place?; 1.4.1 Centres; 1.4.2 Research; 1.4.3 Operating Rooms; 1.5 The "How" of Laparoscopic Surgery in Children: Techniques; 1.5.1 Port Insertion; 1.5.2 Converting to an Open Approach; References; 2: Equipment and Ergonomics; 2.1 General Information; 2.2 Working Instruments; 2.2.1 Creation of the Operative Workspace.

2.3 Visualization of the Operative Field2.3.1 Light; 2.3.2 Optical Image; 2.4 Instruments; 2.5 Energy Devices; 2.6 Other Equipment Considerations in Pediatric MAS; 2.7 Ergonomic Considerations in Pediatric MAS; 2.7.1 Definition; 2.7.2 Ergonomic Constraints in Minimal Access Surgery; 2.7.3 Mechanical Constraints; 2.7.4 Visual Constraints; 2.7.5 Specific Considerations in Minimal Access Surgery in Infants; 2.8 Strategies to Improve Ergonomics in Pediatric MAS; Suggested Reading; 3: Thoracoscopic Debridement of Empyema; 3.1 General Information; 3.2 Working Instruments.

3.3 Positioning, Port Siting, and Ergonomic Considerations3.4 Procedure; 3.5 Alternatives; 3.5.1 Highlights and Pitfalls; Suggested Reading; 4: Spontaneous Pneumothorax; 4.1 General Information; 4.2 Working Instruments; 4.3 Relevant Anatomy; 4.4 Positioning, Port Siting, and Ergonomic Considerations; 4.5 Procedure; 4.6 Alternatives (Figs. 4.15 and 4.16); 4.7 Highlights and Pitfalls; Suggested Reading; 5: Thoracoscopic Lung Biopsy and Segmentectomy; 5.1 General Information; 5.2 Working Instruments; 5.3 Positioning, Port Siting, and Ergonomic Considerations.

5.4 Relevant Imaging (Figs. 5.4, 5.5 and 5.6)5.5 Surgical Technique (Figs. 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 and 5.10); 5.6 Highlights and Pitfalls; Suggested Reading; 6: Thoracic Sympathectomy; 6.1 General Information; 6.2 Working Instruments; 6.3 Positioning, Port Siting, and Ergonomic Considerations; 6.4 Relevant Anatomy; 6.5 Surgical Technique; 6.6 Alternatives; 6.7 Highlights and Pitfalls; Suggested Reading; 7: Thymectomy; 7.1 General Information; 7.2 Relevant Anatomy; 7.3 Working Instruments; 7.4 Surgical Technique; 7.4.1 Port Positioning with Ergonomic Considerations; 7.4.2 Alternatives.

This atlas of anatomy and operative techniques provides a thorough outline of the procedures commonly used in laparoscopic and thoracoscopic pediatric surgery. Step-by-step operative photographs are accompanied by explanatory text, and line diagrams are used to highlight the important anatomy as seen endoscopically. Alternative techniques, instruments, and steps are described when appropriate, and attention is drawn to highlights and pitfalls. While each chapter includes some basic background on the condition in question, the focus is very much on the operative procedures. Color Atlas of Pediatric Anatomy, Laparoscopy, and Thoracoscopy is ideal for those establishing a laparoscopic practice as well as for those in training who wish to embark on minimally invasive surgery. It also serves as a supplementary atlas of anatomy and surgical technique for younger surgeons and medical students. .

Online resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed May 2, 2017).