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Foreword; Preface; Contents; About the Editors; 1: The Evolution of Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy: Has It Now Become the Gold Standard?; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 What Comprises a "Gold Standard" in Medicine?; 1.3 History of Donor Nephrectomy for Renal Transplantation; 1.4 Kidney Transplant Waiting Lists and the Push to Increase Organ Donation; 1.5 Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy Is Being Performed in the Vast Majority of Cases; 1.6 Has the Laparoscopic Technique Led to an Increase in the Number of Donors?; 1.7 What Are the Differences in Postoperative Graft Function Between LDN and ODN?

1.8 Are There Potential Added Risks/Drawbacks of LDN for Donors?1.9 What Are the Contraindications to LDN?; 1.10 How Has LDN Evolved Since Its Inception in the 1990s?; 1.11 Hand-Assisted LDN Versus Pure LDN Versus ODN?; 1.12 Robotic LDN Versus Pure LDN?; 1.13 What Is the Evidence that LDN Can Now Be Considered the "Gold Standard" for Live Kidney Donation?; 1.14 Cost of LDN Versus ODN; References; 2: Preoperative General and€Urologic Evaluation for€Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Medical Evaluation Process; 2.3 Contraindications; 2.4 Radiologic Evaluation.

2.5 Specific Medical Evaluations2.5.1 Age; 2.5.2 Obesity; 2.5.3 Hypertension; 2.5.4 Psychosocial Issues; 2.6 Specific Urologic Evaluations; 2.6.1 Choice of€Kidney; 2.6.2 Multiple Arteries; References; 3: Psychosocial and€Legal Issues with€Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Psychosocial Issues; 3.2.1 Anxiety; 3.2.2 Mental Health Checklist and€Ability to€Donate Out€of€Free€Will; 3.2.3 Search for€the€Kidney Donor; 3.2.4 Decision to€Donate; 3.2.5 Motivational Status; 3.2.6 Ambivalence; 3.2.7 Family Dynamics and€Relationships; 3.2.8 Body Image.

3.2.9 Marriage and€Kidney Donation3.2.10 Impact on€Employment, Finances; 3.2.11 Special Issues Like Childbearing; 3.2.12 Follow-Up; 3.3 Legal Issues; 3.3.1 Informed Consent Process; 3.3.2 The Human Organ Transplantation Act, 1994 (THOA-94); 3.4 Summary; References; 4: Anaesthesia Concerns for€Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Preoperative Assessment of€Live-Related Kidney Donor; 4.3 Intraoperative effects of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy; 4.3.1 Physiological Effects Due€to€CO2 Pneumoperitoneum; 4.3.2 Patient Positioning; 4.4 Anaesthesia Management.

4.4.1 Preoperative Anaesthetic Preparation4.4.2 Intraoperative Management; 4.4.2.1 Special Consideration for€Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy; 4.5 Postoperative Management; 4.5.1 Postoperative Analgesia; References; 5: Laparoscopic Left Donor Nephrectomy (Transperitoneal Approach); 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Armamentarium (Figure 5.1-Instruments Trolley); 5.3 Procedure- Step by Step; 5.3.1 Patient Positioning (Fig. 5.2); 5.3.2 Preplaced Incision (Fig. 5.3); 5.3.3 Operating Room Setup (Fig. 5.4); 5.3.4 Port Placement (Fig. 5.5); 5.3.5 The Bowel Reflection (Figs. 5.6a and b).

This book explains the development of various laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) techniques, which can be performed via the retroperitoneal or the transperitoneal approach. It provides a step-by-step explanation of LDN, including details of intricacies such as port positioning, dissection steps, securing the hilum and retrieval. It also reviews new techniques like robotic donor nephrectomy and single-port donor nephrectomy. Lastly, it explores the non-technical but equally important issues of donor work-up and legal and social aspects. LDN is a unique surgical procedure in which the surgeon operates on an individual who is not a patient but someone donating out of altruistic motives, and it has to be ℓ́ℓzero errorℓ́ℓ for the safety of the graft, donor and the recipient. This handbook is a valuable resource for urologists, general and transplant surgeons as well as anesthesiologists and medical social workers working in the field.

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