Preface; Contents; List of Contributors; Historical Perspective of€Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; 1 Bone Formation: Auto-induction; 2 Matrix-Induced Bone Formation: A€Biological Cascade; 3 Discovery of€Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; 4 BMP Structure; 5 BMP Receptors; 6 BMP Preclinical Studies; 7 BMP-7 in€Articular Cartilage Repair; 8 BMPs Beyond Bone; 9 BMP Clinical Studies; 10 Conclusion; References; The Systems Biology of€Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; 1 BMPs During Development; 2 Structure and€Function; 3 BMP: In€Vitro and€In€Vivo Model Systems for€Endochondral Bone Differentiation.

2.3.1 BMP and€Osteoblasts2.3.2 BMP and€Chondrocytes; 2.3.3 BMP and€Mesenchymal Cells; 2.3.4 BMP and€Osteoclasts; 2.3.5 BMP and€Other Cell Types in€Skeletal System; 2.4 BMP and€Bone-Related Diseases; 3 Craniofacial Development; 3.1 Head Induction; 3.2 Facial Development and€Abnormalities; 3.2.1 BMP and€Cleft Lip; 3.2.2 BMP, Facial Cleft, and€Midline Structure; 3.2.3 BMP and€Cleft Palate; 3.3 Calvarial Vault and€Cranial Base; 3.3.1 BMP and€Skull Formation; 3.3.2 BMP and€Suture Formation; 3.3.3 BMP and€Cranial Base; 3.4 Mandibular Development and€Temporomandibular Joint Formation.

3.4.1 BMP and€Mandible3.4.2 BMP and€the€Temporomandibular Joint; 4 Perspective and€Conclusions; References; BMP and€BMP Regulation: Structure and€Function; 1 General Mechanisms for€BMP Binding to€BMP Type I€and€Type II Receptors; 2 General Mechanisms for€BMP Inhibition and€Antagonism; 3 Noggin-Mediated Antagonism; 4 Follistatin Family-Mediated Antagonism; 5 Chordin Family-Mediated Antagonism; 6 DAN Family-Mediated Antagonism; 7 Prodomain Interactions and€Latent Complex Formation; 8 Co-receptors, Signal Enhancers, and€Other Antagonists; 9 Summary of€BMP Regulation Through€Different Mechanisms.

4 Role of€BMPs in€Cartilage Repair and€Regeneration5 Role of€BMPs in€Bone Repair and€Regeneration; 6 BMPs in€Dentin Repair and€Regeneration; 7 BMP-7 in€Acute and€Chronic Kidney Failure; 8 BMPs in€Glucose Homeostasis; 9 BMP-7 and€Calcium and€Phosphate Homeostasis; 10 BMPs in€Iron Homeostasis; 11 BMPs' Role in€Rare Genetic Disorders; 12 BMP in€Oncology; 13 Conclusion; References; Embryonic Skeletogenesis and€Craniofacial Development; 1 Introduction; 2 Embryonic Skeletogenesis; 2.1 Developmental Stages of€Ossification; 2.2 BMP and€Osteogenesis; 2.3 Functional Studies in€Animal Models.

This book focuses on the salient features of the biology of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and the advances in our understanding of their structure and function and of downstream signaling, as well as their governance in systems biology from bone and dentin to kidney, cancer, diabetes, iron homeostasis and angiogenesis, including rare musculoskeletal disorders. BMPs, also referred to as growth and differentiation factors, are members of the TGF-beta superfamily and are highly conserved from fruit flies to mammals and are responsible for the formation of practically every organ during embryo development and involved in adult tissue injury and repair. BMPs establish their extracellular gradient by interacting with their respective antagonists and regulate their function through SMAD-dependent down-stream signaling effector genes. This volume is aimed at scientists and professionals dealing with metabolic disorders, nutrition, systems biology diseases, rare musculoskeletal conditions, and disorders related to iron metabolism, including anemia of chronic disease, hereditary hemochromatosis and beta thalassemia.