SpringerLink Springer Biomedical and Life Sciences eBooks 2017 English+International

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Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1 Structural Plasticity in Dendrites: Developmental Neurogenetics, Morphological Reconstructions, and Computational Modeling; Abstract; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Biomedical Relevance; 1.3 Developmental Neurogenetics; 1.3.1 Transcriptional Control of Dendritic Development and Cytoskeletal Modulation; 1.4 Neurogenetic and Neurogenomic Techniques; 1.5 Dendritic Reconstructions: Data Acquisition, File Formats, and Morphological Databases; 1.5.1 History and Progress in Tissue Labeling; 1.5.2 Advancements in Microscopy; 1.5.3 Advancements in Reconstruction Systems.

1.5.4 Large-Scale Databases1.5.5 File Formats and SWC; 1.6 Computational Modeling of Dendritic Growth; 1.7 Future Directions; Acknowledgements; References; 2 Autophagy Mechanisms for Brain Recovery. Keep It Clean, Keep It Alive; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Autophagy Machinery; 2.3 Basal Autophagy in Neurons; 2.4 The Role of Autophagy in Neurodevelopment and Neurogenesis; 2.5 Autophagy and Neurological Pathologies; 2.6 Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases; 2.6.1 Alzheimer's Disease; 2.6.2 Parkinson's Disease; 2.6.3 Huntington's Disease; 2.7 Autophagy in CNS Trauma.

2.8 Traumatic Brain Injury2.9 Spinal Cord Injury; 2.10 Remote Degeneration After Focal CNS Damage; 2.11 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; 3 Environmental Enrichment Repairs Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Hippocampus; Abstract; 3.1 Effects of Experience in the Developing Brain; 3.2 Environmental Enrichment as Testable Scientific Concept; 3.3 Structural Changes; 3.3.1 Neurogenesis; 3.3.2 Postsynaptic Changes; 3.3.3 Presynaptic Changes; 3.3.4 Gliogenesis; 3.4 Functional Changes; 3.5 Hippocampus, EE and Disease; 3.5.1 Ischemia/Stroke; 3.5.2 Movement Disorders.

3.5.3 Inflammation and Stress3.5.4 Autism Spectrum Disorders; 3.6 Reopening of Critical Periods by EE: Therapeutic Implications; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Translatable Models of Brain and Cognitive Reserve; Abstract; 4.1 The Theory of Brain and Cognitive Reserve and Supporting Evidence in Humans; 4.2 Necessity and Design of Animal Models; 4.3 Experimental Paradigms to Study BCR; 4.3.1 Animal Models of Brain Ageing; 4.3.2 Environmental Enrichment (EE); 4.3.3 Voluntary Exercise; 4.3.4 Antioxidants; 4.4 Putative Neurobiological Mechanisms of BCR; 4.4.1 Overview.

4.4.2 Synaptic, Cellular and Physiological Mediators4.4.2.1 Synaptogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity; 4.4.2.2 Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis; 4.4.2.3 Glial Contributions; 4.4.2.4 Vascular Alterations; 4.4.3 Molecular Regulators; 4.4.3.1 Gene Expression, Epigenetic and Chromatin Modifications; 4.4.3.2 Neurotrophins; 4.4.3.3 Neurotransmitter and Neuromodulator Dynamics; 4.5 Conclusion; 4.5.1 Enviromimetics; 4.5.2 Room for Improvement; 4.5.3 Summary; References; 5 Cognitive Reserve: A Life-Course Perspective; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Early Adulthood: Educational Attainment.

The novelty of this book's approach lies in addressing the impact of neurobiological factors as well as psychological influences on brain recovery. There is growing evidence that emotional, motivational, and cognitive factors along with personality traits play a crucial role in brain plasticity, resilience, and recovery. Topics include synaptic and neuronal plasticity, development of brain reserves, biological markers, environmental factors, psychological profile, emotional resilience, and personality traits. By combining the latest research on neural mechanisms and on psychological resilience the authors hope that this book can lead to the development of better treatment strategies for functional recovery from brain damage.