SpringerLink Springer Biomedical and Life Sciences eBooks 2017 English+International

Preface; Contents; Part I: Overview; Chapter 1: Metallomics: Integrated Biometal Science; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Progress of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry; 1.3 All-Element Present Theory; 1.4 Chemical Speciation of Trace Metals in Biological Samples; 1.5 Human Genome Project and the Rapid Rise of Omics Science; 1.6 Proposal of Metallomics as Integrated Biometal Science-Historical Aspects; 1.7 International Symposium on Metallomics; 1.8 Progress of Metallomics Research; 1.8.1 The Scientific Journal of Metallomics; 1.8.2 Essentiality and Toxicity of the Elements.

1.8.3 A Simplified Model of the Biological System1.8.4 Scientific Fields in Trace Metal Science; 1.8.5 Research Subjects in Metallomics; 1.9 Summary; References; Part II: Analytical Techniques and Strategies Surrounding Metallomics; Chapter 2: Speciation and Identification of Chalcogen-Containing Metabolites; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Hyphenated Techniques; 2.3 Identification of Chalcogen-Containing Metabolites; 2.3.1 Selenosugars; 2.3.2 Selenohomolanthionine; 2.3.3 Selenoneine; 2.3.4 Selenocyanate; 2.3.5 Trimethyltelluronium Ion; 2.3.6 Te-Methyltellurocysteine; 2.4 Conclusion; References.

3.3.7 Application in Metal Transport with Targeting3.3.8 Transporter; 3.3.9 Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs); 3.4 Future SXFM; 3.4.1 Improvement of X-Ray Sources; 3.4.2 High-Resolution SXFM; 3.4.3 Possible Labeled Probes; 3.4.4 Application of Medical Probes to SXFM; 3.4.5 SXFM Application for Different Types of Microscopy; 3.5 Collaboration on Platforms in Different Fields; 3.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Quantitative Elemental Bioimaging Protocol Using Femtosecond-Laser Ablation-ICP-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Glas ... ; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Experimental Protocols.

4.2.1 Instrumentations4.2.2 Sample Preparations; 4.2.3 Experiment Procedures; 4.3 Results and Discussion; 4.3.1 Calibration Strategy; 4.3.2 Ablated Volume; 4.3.3 Quantitative Imaging; 4.4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Single Cell Analysis by Using ICP-MS; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Overview of Cytometric Analysis by Using ICP-MS; 5.3 ICP Mass Spectrometers for Cytometric Analysis; 5.4 Cell Introduction Devices for Cytometric Analysis; 5.5 Application of Cytometric Analysis by Using ICP-MS; 5.5.1 Highly Sensitive Elemental Analysis by Time-Resolved ICP-MS; 5.5.2 Mass Cytometry.

Chapter 3: Visualization of Intracellular Elements Using Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy3.1 Imaging Intracellular Elements at the Single-Cell Level Provides New Insights; 3.2 Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy; 3.2.1 Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Source; 3.2.2 X-Ray Focusing Optics; 3.2.3 Demonstration of SXFM Performance; 3.3 Applications in Biology and Medicine; 3.3.1 SXFM Is Now User-Friendly; 3.3.2 Sample Preparation; 3.3.3 Basement for Cells; 3.3.4 Element Array; 3.3.5 A Cell Line Subjected to Sample Imaging at the Single-Cell Level; 3.3.6 Clinical Samples.

This book focuses on recent topics in metallomics, a study of the metallome, or metal-containing biomolecules. Metals can induce various physiological and toxicological effects in a very small amounts, in other words, the concentrations of biometals are very low in organisms. Thus, analytical techniques for a trace amount of metal are crucial to understand the biological and toxicological functions of metals. This volume begins with an overview of metallomics including the history and development of the field. Subsequent parts provide basic and advanced techniques for metallomics. Speciation and imaging of metals are basic approaches to reveal the function of the metallome. The applications of speciation using an HPLC hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) and flow cytometry ICP-MS are described. As advanced approaches, the applications using a micro-flow injection-ICP-MS, an ICP-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, an ICP-sector field mass spectrometer, and an ICP-multi-collector mass spectrometer are mentioned. For the imaging of metals, basic principles and applications of several techniques such as scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy and ICP-MS equipped with laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS) are presented. Speciation analyses using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) are also introduced. The last part highlights the medical and pharmaceutical applications of metallomics. Molecular biological approaches to reveal the effects of toxic metals, metal functions in brain and neurodegenerative diseases, and metallodrugs are explained. The topic of metal transporters is also presented.