SpringerLink Springer Biomedical and Life Sciences eBooks 2017 English+International

Preface; Contents; Part I: Functional Organization of the Prefrontal Cortex in Human and Nonhuman Primates; Chapter 1: Neural Correlates of Strategic Decision-Making in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Prefrontal Cortex and Intertemporal Choice; 1.3 Prefrontal Cortex and Reinforcement Learning; 1.4 Prefrontal Cortex and Strategic Decision-Making; 1.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Functional Division Among Prefrontal Cortical Areas in an Analog of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; 2.1 Contribution of the Principal Sulcus Area (PS).

2.2 Contribution of the Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC)2.3 Contribution of the Anterior Cingulate Sulcus Area (ACS); 2.4 Functional Division Among the PS, OFC, and ACS Areas; 2.5 Contribution of the Frontopolar Cortex (FPC); 2.6 Functional Division Between Anterior and Posterior PFC Areas; 2.7 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Working Memory Functions of the Prefrontal Cortex; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 ``Working Memory á́s a Cognitive Construct; 3.2.1 Working Memory as RAM; 3.2.2 The Multiple Component Model and Its Relation to the Dorsolateral PFC; 3.3 Sustained Activity in the PFC (and Elsewhere).

3.4 Working Memory Functions of the dlPFC3.5 Conclusion; References; Part II: The Prefrontal Cortex as an Integrator of Executive and Emotional Function; Chapter 4: Prefrontal Cortex Integration of Emotion and Cognition; 4.1 Overview; 4.2 The Limbic System Is Broadly Associated with Emotions; 4.2.1 Subcortical Limbic Structures; 4.2.2 Expansion of the Limbic System to the Prefrontal Cortex; 4.2.3 The Principal Cortical Targets of Some Subcortical Limbic Structures; 4.3 Systematic Structural Variation of the Cortex and Connections.

4.3.1 Specialization of Prefrontal Limbic Cortices: Their Principal Cortical Connections4.3.2 Specialization of Prefrontal Eulaminate Areas; 4.3.3 Regularity in the Laminar Pattern of Connections Between Limbic and Eulaminate Cortices; 4.3.4 Thalamic Connections Differ According to the Systematic Variation of Prefrontal Areas; Specialization of Direct and Indirect Pathways Through the Thalamus to Prefrontal Areas; 4.4 Linkage of Areas Associated with Emotions and Cognition; 4.4.1 Disruption of Linkage Between Areas Associated with Emotions and Cognition in Neurologic and Psychiatric Diseases.

Consequences for Disconnection of Cognition from Emotion in Society4.5 Summary and Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Interaction of Dopamine and Glutamate Release in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex in Relation to Working Memory and Re ... ; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Important Roles of DA in the Prefrontal Cortex; 5.2.1 DA Changes in the Dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC); DA Changes Related to WM in the DLPFC; DA Changes Related to Reward Expectancy in the DLPFC; DA Changes Related to Unpredictable Reward in the DLPFC; 5.2.2 DA Changes in the Medial PFC; DA Changes Related to WM in the Medial PFC.

This book is devoted to the executive, emotional, social, and integrative functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC has usually been studied only with its executive function or with its emotional function, but recent studies indicate that the PFC plays important roles in integrating executive and emotional functions as well as in social behavior. The first part of the book reviews the functional organization of the PFC in human and nonhuman primates. The subsequent part focuses on the integrator of executive and emotional functions. The third part presents the integrator of executive and social functions, and the final part discusses the default mode of brain activities. There are chapters on animal studies, because functional significance of the PFC cannot be described without referring to those studies. Thus many methodologies are presented such as human neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and stimulation studies, and animal neuropsychological, neurophysiological, neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and neuroimaging studies. Bringing those together, this volume provides a timely and concise picture of the function of the PFC. The result is a valuable resource for students and scientists, providing up-to-date information on this emerging research topic.