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SpringerLink Springer Biomedical and Life Sciences eBooks 2017 English+International

Preface; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Lysophosphatidic Acid and€Sphingosine- 1-ƯPhosphate in€Pluripotent Stem Cells; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Lipid Homeostasis in€Stem Cell Biology; 1.3 LPA and€S1P Synthesis and€Degradation; 1.3.1 LPA; 1.3.2 S1P; 1.4 LPA and€S1P Signaling; 1.5 Role of€LPA and€S1P in€Pluripotent Stem Cells; 1.6 Discussion and€Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Morphogenetic Sphingolipids in€Stem Cell Differentiation and€Embryo Development; 2.1 Ceramide and€Its Derivatives; 2.1.1 Ceramide and€Ceramide-Enriched Compartments; 2.1.1.1 Ceramide and€Cilia.

2.1.1.2 Ceramide and€Exosomes2.1.2 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate; 2.1.3 Ceramide-1-Phosphate; 2.1.4 Glycosphingolipids; 2.1.5 Sphingolipids in€Stem Cell Therapy and€Regenerative Medicine; 2.2 Other Lipids; 2.3 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 3: Autotaxin in€Stem Cell Biology and€Neurodevelopment; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 A Historical Perspective; 3.3 Structure and€Functional Domains; 3.4 Functional Roles in€Stem Cell Biology; 3.4.1 Embryonic Stem Cells; 3.4.2 Tissue-Specific Stem Cells; 3.4.3 Cancer Stem Cells; 3.5 Functional Roles in€Neurodevelopment; 3.5.1 Neural Stem Cells and€Neurogenesis.

3.5.2 Oligodendrogenesis3.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) Signaling in€Neurogenesis; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 LPA Structure, Distribution, and€Metabolism; 4.2.1 Structure; 4.2.2 Distribution; 4.2.3 Metabolism; 4.2.4 Catabolism; 4.3 Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Signaling and€Downstream Pathways; 4.3.1 LPA1; 4.3.2 LPA2; 4.3.3 LPA3; 4.3.4 LPA4; 4.3.5 LPA5; 4.3.6 LPA6; 4.4 Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in€Embryonic Corticogenesis and€Neurodevelopmental Disease; 4.4.1 Fetal Corticogenesis; 4.4.2 LPA Is a€Potent Neuromodulator.

4.4.3 LPA in€Mitogenesis and€Neurogenesis4.4.4 LPA in€NPC Survival and€Programmed Cell Death; 4.4.5 LPA and€NPC Migration; 4.5 LPA Signaling and€Neurodevelopmental Diseases; 4.5.1 Hypoxic Injury; 4.5.2 Schizophrenia; 4.5.3 Hemorrhagic Injury and€Hydrocephalus; 4.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Fate Through Fat: Neutral Lipids as€Regulators of€Neural Stem Cells; 5.1 Neural Stem Cells and€Adult Neurogenesis; 5.1.1 NSC Niches: Form and€Function; 5.1.1.1 Subventricular Zone; 5.1.1.2 Dentate Gyrus; 5.1.2 Heterogeneity Within the€NSC Continuum; 5.1.3 Human Neurogenesis.

5.2 Neutral Lipid Metabolism in€the€Adult Brain5.2.1 Fatty Acids; 5.2.2 Triacylglycerides; 5.2.3 Lipid Droplets; 5.2.4 Apolipoproteins; 5.3 Neutral Lipids Are Physiological Regulators of€Adult€NSCs; 5.3.1 Neutral Lipid Carriers Are Required for€NSC Maintenance and€Neurogenesis; 5.3.1.1 FABPs; 5.3.1.2 ApoE; 5.3.2 Fatty Acid Metabolism Is Required for€Proliferation of€NSCs; 5.3.3 Distinct Effects of€Fatty Acid Classes on€NSCs and€Neurogenesis; 5.3.3.1 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs); 5.3.3.2 Saturated Fatty Acids (SFAs); 5.3.3.3 Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFAs).

This book combines the current knowledge on the role of lipids in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. It showcases various approaches to the study of lipids and focuses on various types of stem cells and specific lipids driving maintenance or differentiation. The volume includes chapters reviewing roles of specific lipids in pluripotency, neurogenesis and exocytosis as well as in cancer stem cells. Examples of different classes of lipidsℓ́ℓsuch as sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, cannabinoids and neutral lipidsℓ́ℓare described and illustrate the vast biological effects of this class of molecules. The international contributors are all recognized experts in their respective fields. Covering the various aspects of the topic, Lipidomics of Stem Cells provides an up-to-date snapshotℓ́ℓunique among the literatureℓ́ℓof where the lipid world is in terms of understanding the roles of lipids in stem cell biology. It provides an essential reference for stem cell biologists, lipid biologists, development biologists, students, academics and clinicians in related areas.