Preface; Contents; 1: Dimorphism of€Human Brain: The€Basis of€the€Gender Differences; References; 2: Management of€Disorders of€Sex Development; 2.1 Diagnosis of€the€Disorders of€Sex Differentiation (DSD); 2.1.1 Clinical Diagnosis of€DSD; 2.1.2 Genetic Investigations; 2.1.3 Hormonal Investigations; 2.1.4 Imaging; 2.2 Causes of€DSD; 2.2.1 46,XX DSD; 2.2.1.1 Fetal Hyperandrogenism; 2.2.1.2 Exogenous Hyperandrogenism; 2.2.1.3 Abnormalities in€Gonadal Determination; 2.2.2 46,XY DSD; 2.2.2.1 Gonadal Dysgenesis; SRY Gene Abnormalities; Abnormalities in€Other Sex Determination Genes.

2.2.2.2 Defects in€Testosterone ProductionDefect in€3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase; Defect of€17-Alpha-Hydroxylase; Defect of€17-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Reductase; P450-Oxydoreductase (POR) Deficit; Leydig Cell Agenesis or Hypoplasia; 2.2.2.3 Androgen-Resistance Disorders; Androgen Insensitivity (AI); 5aR Deficiency; MALD1 Gene Mutations; 46,XY DSD and€the€Environment; 2.2.3 Ovotesticular DSD; 2.2.4 DSD Caused by Chromosomal Abnormalities; 2.3 Elements for€Gender Declaration; References; 3: Central Precocious Puberty: From€Diagnosis to€Treatment; 3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Etiologies and€Mechanisms Underlying Premature Sexual Development3.3 Consequences of€Precocious Puberty; 3.4 Evaluation of€the€Child with€Premature Sexual Development; 3.4.1 Clinical Diagnosis; 3.4.2 Biological Diagnosis; 3.4.3 Place of€Imaging in€the€Evaluation of€Precocious Puberty; 3.4.4 The Normal Variants of€Puberty; 3.4.5 Psychosocial Aspects; 3.5 Management of€Central Precocious Puberty; 3.5.1 GnRH Agonists; 3.5.2 Management of€Causal Lesions; References; 4: Management of€Peripheral Precocious Puberty in€Girls; 4.1 Evaluation of€the€Pubertal Stage.

4.2 Clinical Expression of€Peripheral Precocious Puberty4.2.1 Peripheral Precocious Puberty Caused by€Ovarian Autonomy; 4.2.1.1 McCune-Albright Syndrome; Precocious Puberty; Café-au-lait Spots; Fibrous Bone Dysplasia; Other Endocrine Pathologies; Molecular Bases of€McCune-Albright Syndrome; 4.2.1.2 Granulosa Cell Tumors; 4.2.1.3 Ovarian Cysts; 4.2.2 Feminizing Tumors of€the€Adrenal Gland; 4.2.3 Precocious Pseudopuberty and€Environmental Pollution; References; 5: Premature Pubarche; 5.1 Definition; 5.2 Adrenarche; 5.3 Clinical Features; 5.4 Evaluation of€Girls with€PP.

5.5 Differential Diagnosis5.5.1 Precocious Puberty; 5.5.2 Non-classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NC-CAH); 5.5.3 Virilizing Adrenal Tumors; 5.5.4 Exogenous Androgen Exposure; 5.6 Management; References; 6: Maturation of€the€Hypothalamic-ƯPituitary-ƯOvarian Axis and€the€Onset of€Puberty; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Neuronal Control of€Puberty: Essential Roles of€GnRH and€Kisspeptin (KP) Neurons; 6.3 Roles of€KP Partners in€Pubertal Onset; 6.4 Metabolic Control of€Puberty; 6.5 Novel Mechanism in€the€Control of€Puberty; References.

This volume provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview on pediatric and adolescent gynecological endocrinology. It covers a very wide range of topics with a particular focus on disorders of sex differentiation, pubertal maturation, growth disorders, primary and secondary amenorrhea, menstrual disorders in adolescents and young adults, sexuality, contraception, and pregnancy. The authors are international well-known experts who document the latest clinical experience in this continuously evolving field and provide practical guidance on the evaluation and treatment of female pubertal problems. The book is published within the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology (ISGE) Series and is based on the 2015 International School of Gynecological and Reproductive Endocrinology (ISGRE) Summer Course. It will be an invaluable reference for gynecologists, endocrinologists, pediatricians, and experts in women?s health.