7.5 Future Opportunities.

SpringerLink Springer Biomedical and Life Sciences eBooks 2017 English+International

Contributors; 1 Introduction; Acknowledgements; References; 2 Current Trends in Candidiasis; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Epidemiology; 2.3 Emergence of Candida auris; 2.4 Recent Trends in Anatomical Distribution of Candidal Infections; 2.4.1 Intra-Abdominal Candidiasis (IAC); 2.4.2 Hepatosplenic Disease; 2.4.3 Neonatal Candidiasis; 2.4.4 Genitourinary Candidiasis; 2.4.5 Catheter-Associated Disseminated Candidiasis; 2.5 Host Defense Against Candidiasis; 2.6 Diagnosis; 2.6.1 Use of Cultures for Diagnosis of Systemic Candidiasis; 2.6.2 Antigen and Antibody Detection.

2.6.3 [beta]-D-Glucan Detection2.6.4 Polymerase Chain Reaction; 2.7 Summary; References; 3 Invasive Candidiasis in the Southeast-Asian Region; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Disease Spectrum; 3.3 Epidemiology; 3.3.1 Prevalence; 3.3.2 Risk Factors; 3.3.3 Spectrum of Candida Species; 3.4 Antifungal Resistance; 3.5 Diagnostic Challenges; 3.6 Management; 3.7 Conclusion; References; 4 Morphogenesis in C. albicans; Abstract; 4.1 C. albicans Morphologies; 4.2 Relationship Between C. albicans Morphology and Virulence; 4.3 Mechanics of C. albicans Hyphal Growth.

4.4 Control of C. albicans Hyphal Growth by the Cell Cycle4.5 Regulation of the C. albicans Morphological Transition by Host Environmental Cues; 4.6 Genome-Wide Analyses of the C. albicans Morphological Transition; 4.7 C. albicans Morphology as a Target for Novel Therapeutic Strategies; Acknowledgements; References; 5 Candida albicans Biofilms; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Characteristics of C. albicans Biofilm; 5.3 Genetic Regulation of C. albicans Biofilm Formation; 5.3.1 Adherence; 5.3.2 Hyphal Development; 5.3.3 Biofilm Dispersal; 5.3.4 Extracellular Matrix (ECM).

5.4 Future PerspectivesReferences; 6 Candida Biofilm Tolerance: Comparison of Planktonic and Biofilm Resistance Mechanisms; Abstract; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Overview of Antifungal Drug Classes and Planktonic Candida Resistance Mechanisms; 6.2.1 Triazoles; 6.2.2 Polyenes; 6.2.3 Echinocandins; 6.2.4 5-FC/Flucytosine; 6.3 Candida Biofilm Resistance Mechanisms; 6.3.1 Role of Efflux Pumps; 6.3.2 Influence of Sterol Synthesis; 6.3.3 Impact of Cell Density and Quorum Sensing; 6.3.4 Contribution of Biofilm Extracellular Matrix; 6.3.5 Presence of Persister Cells; 6.4 Conclusion.

7 In Vivo Candida Device Biofilm ModelsAbstract; 7.1 Significance of Fungal Biofilms in Infection; 7.2 Fungal Biofilm Traits; 7.2.1 Structure and Composition; 7.2.2 Tolerance to Antifungals; 7.2.3 Immune Resistance; 7.3 Host Factors Influencing Fungal Biofilms; 7.3.1 Flow Conditions; 7.3.2 Substrates and Conditioning; 7.3.3 Nutrient Composition; 7.3.4 Host Immune Components; 7.4 In Vivo Models of Fungal Biofilms and Drug Discovery; 7.4.1 Vascular Catheter Model; 7.4.2 Denture Model; 7.4.3 Subcutaneous Implant Model; 7.4.4 Urinary Catheter Model; 7.4.5 Mucosal Candidiasis Models.

This book on Candida albicans and similar pathogens provides a timely overview of the groundbreaking discoveries made in the areas of drug resistance, hostℓ́ℓpathogen interactions, virulence, host immune system modulation, etc., in the last two decades. This comprehensive 2nd Edition includes chapters on fungal infections, hyphal morphogenesis, molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance, antifungal agents, multidrug transporters, virulence mechanisms in Candida albicans, hostℓ́ℓpathogen interactions, the cell wall, fungal biofilms, lipids and antifungal resistance, signaling mechanisms and last but not the least host-immune responses. As such, it offers an ideal reference guide for mycologists, researchers, pharmacists, clinicians, and undergraduate students engaged or interested in fungal research. It will also benefit clinicians, who are required to keep abreast of the current state of research on antifungal drug resistance and antifungal development.