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Preface; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: General Considerations; 1.1 Introduction to Pediatric Imaging in Multimodality Diagnostic Era; 1: Management of the Pediatric Patient: A Teamwork; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Accommodate the Child and the Parents; 1.3 Administration of Radiopharmaceutical; 1.3.1 Endovenous Administration; 1.3.2 Aerosol Administration; 1.3.3 Meal Administration; 1.3.3.1 Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy (GES) Protocol; 1.4 Acquisition of Images: Take the Child's Cooperation; Further Readings; 2: Radiation Risk; 2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Effects of Ionizing Radiations2.2.1 Evaluation of Radiation Exposure in Nuclear Medicine; 2.2.2 Radiation Protection Principles and Considerations on Diagnostic Reference Levels; Bibliography; Part II: Clinical Pediatric Practice; 3: Focus on Children with Nephrological and Urological Problems; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Main Nuclear Medicine Procedures in Pediatric Urology; 3.1.1.1 DMSA Scan; 3.1.1.2 MAG3 Scan; 3.1.1.3 Radionuclide Cystography; 3.1.2 Main Pediatric Nephrological and Urological Problems.

3.1.2.1 Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUTs) and Inherited Kidney Disease3.1.2.2 Hydronephrosis; 3.1.2.3 Megaureter; 3.1.2.4 Vesicoureteral Reflux; 3.1.2.5 Renovascular Disorders; 3.1.2.6 Renal Transplant; Bibliography; 4: Hydronephrosis; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Prenatal Diagnosis; 4.1.2 Postnatal Management; 4.1.3 Diagnostic Investigations; 4.1.4 Particular Cases; 4.1.4.1 Symptomatic Hydronephrosis; 4.1.4.2 Hydronephrosis in Renal Anomalies; 4.2 The Surgical Treatment; 4.3 The Follow-Up; 4.4 Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy.

4.4.1 Study Technique and Interpretation4.4.2 Teaching Cases; 4.4.2.1 Case 4.1 Normal Ultrasonographic and Scintigraphic Pattern After Left Pyeloplasty; 4.4.2.2 Case 4.2 Persistent nonobstructive Left Hydronephrosis with Normal Split Function; 4.4.2.3 Case 4.3 Prenatal Diagnosis of Right Hydronephrosis with Worsening of Dilatation at Follow-Up; 4.4.2.4 Case 4.4 Persistent Left Calyceal Dilatation at 10 Years Follow-Up After Pyeloplasty with Preserved Split Renal Function; 4.4.2.5 Case 4.5 Persistent Left Hydronephrosis with Delayed Urinary Drainage After Pyeloplasty.

4.4.2.6 Case 4.6 Prenatal Hydronephrosis: Normal Split Function4.4.2.7 Case 4.7 Late Diagnosis of Right Hydronephrosis: Reduced Split Function; 4.4.2.8 Case 4.8 Bilateral Prenatal Hydronephrosis with Nonobstructive Pattern; 4.4.2.9 Case 4.9 Hydronephrosis in Lower Pole of Complete Duplex System; 4.4.2.10 Case 4.10 Hydronephrosis in Ectopic Kidney; 4.4.2.11 Case 4.11 Hydronephrosis in Horseshoe Kidney: Nonobstructive Pattern with Preserved Renal Function; 4.4.2.12 Case 4.12 Hydronephrosis in Horseshoe Kidney: Obstructive Pattern with Renal Function Impairment.

This superbly illustrated book combines the systematic approach of a textbook with the simplicity of consultation of an atlas in order to provide a comprehensive guide to the applications and benefits of scintigraphic studies in children. All of the clinical scenarios in which conventional nuclear medicine techniques frequently play a role in children are covered, with explanation of imaging diagnosis, the relevance of clinical history, problem solving, and pitfalls. The images themselves are the key focus of the book, and in each setting the added value offered by scintigraphy is carefully identified. The book also describes management of the pediatric patient and addresses general considerations, including reception, interaction with parents, radiopharmaceutical administration, image acquisition, radiation exposure, and the relationship of nuclear medicine and radiology. Since the child is not a young adult, it is insufficient simply to adapt nuclear medicine procedures performed in adults to the age and size of the child. Conventional Nuclear Medicine in Pediatrics will be a rich source of information for all who perform these procedures in the pediatric setting.

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