SpringerLink Springer Engineering eBooks 2017 English+International

Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1 Introduction; Abstract; 1.1 Background; 1.2 Transition Modes; 1.2.1 Natural Transition; 1.2.2 Bypass Transition; 1.2.3 Separation-Induced Transition; 1.2.4 Reverse Transition; 1.3 Transition Parameters; 1.3.1 Free-Stream Turbulence; 1.3.2 Pressure Gradient; 1.3.3 Surface Roughness; 1.3.4 Unsteady Velocity Fluctuation; 1.3.5 Turbulent Viscosity; 1.3.6 Other Factors; References; 2 Transition Prediction; Abstract; 2.1 Overview; 2.2 Methods Based on Stability Theory; 2.2.1 The eN Method; 2.2.2 Parabolized Stability Equation Method.

2.3 Statistical Methods of Transition Modelling2.3.1 Low Reynolds Number Turbulence Models; 2.3.2 Correlation-Based Intermittency Models; 2.3.3 The Laminar Kinetic Energy Method; 2.4 Transition Simulation Methods; References; 3 Transition Model; Abstract; 3.1 The Langtry-Menter Transition Model; 3.1.1 Transport Equation of Intermittency; 3.1.2 Transport Equation of Transition Onset Reynolds Number; 3.1.3 Correlation Formula; 3.2 Modifications of Transition Model; 3.2.1 Local Free-Stream Turbulence Intensity; 3.2.2 Separation Correction Method; 3.3 Integration with the S-A Turbulence Model.

3.4 Integration with the SST Turbulence Model3.5 Numerical Procedures; 3.5.1 Normalized Transport Equations; 3.5.2 Discretization Scheme; 3.5.3 Flux Evaluation; 3.5.4 Time Marching Method; References; 4 Validations in 2-D Flows; Abstract; 4.1 Description; 4.2 Flat Plates; 4.2.1 Zero-Pressure Gradients; 4.2.2 Non-zero Pressure Gradients; 4.3 Two-Dimensional Airfoils; 4.3.1 Aerospatiale-A Airfoil; 4.3.2 VA-2 Supercritical Airfoil; 4.3.3 S809 Wind Turbine Airfoil; 4.3.4 NACA 4412 Airfoil; 4.4 Summary; References; 5 Applications for 3-D Rotors; Abstract; 5.1 XV-15 Proprotor.

5.1.1 XV-15 Profile and Conditions5.1.2 Hover Performance; 5.1.3 Skin Frictions; 5.1.4 XV-15 Flow Physics; 5.2 JVX Proprotor; 5.2.1 JVX Geometry and Conditions; 5.2.2 Hover Mode; 5.2.3 Modelling Issues; 5.2.4 Airplane Mode; 5.2.5 JVX Characteristics; 5.3 S-76 Scaled Rotor; 5.3.1 S-76 Geometry and Conditions; 5.3.2 CFD Meshes; 5.3.3 Effect of Turbulence Models; 5.3.4 S-76 Characteristics; 5.3.5 Effect of Tip Shapes; 5.4 Summary; References.

This book provides a comprehensive description of numerical methods and validation processes for predicting transitional flows based on the Langtry-Menter local correlation-based transition model, integrated with both one-equation Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) and two-equation Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence models. A comparative study is presented to combine the respective merits of the two coupling methods in the context of predicting the boundary-layer transition phenomenon from fundamental benchmark flows to realistic helicopter rotors. The book will of interest to industrial practitioners working in aerodynamic design and the analysis of fixed-wing or rotary wing aircraft, while also offering advanced reading material for graduate students in the research areas of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), turbulence modeling and related fields.