Definitions and scope of treatment-refractory schizophrenia -- Biology of schizophrenia: Is treatment-refractoriness synonymous with severity of illness -- Evolution of refractoriness -- Medical and psychiatric comorbidities:Â{u3BED}mplicating treatment expectations -- Overview of pharmacologic treatments and guidelines -- Clozapine:Â{u7BEC}ld standard treatment for refractory schizophrenia: Now or never -- Augmenting clozapine and other antipsychotic medications:Â{u0A21}rmacologic choices and differential outcomes -- Augmenting clozapine therapy:Â{u5B65}erging neuromodulatory strategies -- Cognitive remediation for refractory schizophrenia -- Psychological and familial therapies for refractory schizophrenia -- Vocational performance of patients with chronic schizophrenia -- Refractory schizophrenia and the criminal justice system:Â{u1826}failure of continuity of care and a real challenge -- Personalized medicine:Â{u1822}â€g̃ame changerâ€{u0A6E} the care of patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia is often associated with an inadequate response to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. How to treat patients who have an unsatisfactory response to anti-psychotics, including clozapine - which is unequivocally the most powerful antipsychotic medication for this recalcitrant populationÂ{u0B60}remains a clinical conundrum. A range of adjunctive medications have been tried with mixed results; there has also been renewed interest in the role of neuromodulatory strategies, electroconvulsive therapy, and cognitive and vocational approaches. Perhaps a bright spot for the future lies in the evolution of pharmacogenetic approaches for individualized care. Â{u026E} this book, leading experts from Europe, Australia and the Americas provide a timely appraisal of treatments for the most severely ill schizophrenia patients. This clinically focused Â{u2BEF}k is informed by the latest research on the neurobiology and treatment of schizophrenia. It is comprehensive in scope, covering current treatment options, various add-on approaches, and a range of psychosocial treatments. The contributors are respected experts who have combined their clinical experience with cutting-edge research to provide readers with authoritative information on fundamental aspects of clinical care for schizophrenia.