Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- PART 1 TECHNOLOGY -- Chapter 1Â{u026E}troduction -- 1.1 The imperative of afforestation and reforestation -- 1.1 Afforestation and reforestation for conservation -- 1.2 Afforestation and reforestation for subsistence economy and livelihoods -- 1.3 Afforestation, reforestation, forest restoration and tree planting -- 1.4 Afforestation for industrial-commercial purposes -- 1.5 The technology of afforestation 1.6 Participation of local communities -- 1.7 Constraints in afforestation and reforestation -- 1.8 Constraints specific to arid and semi-arid areas -- 1.9 Costs in afforestation -- Chapter 2Âfrsery Techniques -- 2.1 Establishment of a new nursery -- 2.2 Plant production plan -- 2.3 Planning seasonal activities -- 2.4 Procurement and storage of seeds -- 2.5 Procurement of manure, clay and sand -- 2.6 Procurement and storage of polypots -- 2.7 Filling the polypots -- 2.8 Preparing seedbeds and motherbeds -- 2.9 Sowing seeds in polypots and beds -- 2.10. Transplanting and potting -- 2.11 Irrigating plants in pots and beds -- 2.12 Weeding and cleaning -- 2.13 Protection from insects and pests -- 2.14 Pot turning -- 2.15 Preparing and planting cuttings -- 2.16. Culling, selection and grading -- 2.17 Transportation of plants -- Chapter 3Â{u04E9}te Selection, Survey and Treatment Plan -- 3.1 Site Selection -- 3.2 Surveying a site using chain & compass 3.3 Plain table survey -- 3.4 Tachymetric survey -- 3.5 Advanced automatic surveying equipment -- 3.6 Setting out contours with hydrostatic level -- 3.7 Setting out engineering structures with hsl -- 3.8 Site treatment plan -- Chapter 4Â{u01A5}ncing Work -- 4.1 Stone wall fence -- 4.2 Ditch-cum-bund fence -- 4.3 Barbed-wire fence -- 4.4 Live-hedge in fencing -- 4.5 Entrance gate and inspection path -- Chapter 5Â{u04EF}il-and-Water Conservation Works -- 5.1 Alignment of structures -- 5.2 Digging of contour trench -- 5.3 Digging of v-ditch -- 5.4 Digging of pits -- 5.5 Contour dike-cum-terraces -- 5.6 Bench terraces and gradoni -- 5.7 Contour bunds and contour furrows -- 5.8 Vegetative barriers -- 5.9 Loose-stone checkdams -- 5.10 Stopdams and weirs -- 5.11 Earthen embankments -- Chapter 6ÂЬanting, Regeneration, Aftercare and Maintenance -- 6.1 Time and season for planting -- 6.2 Transporting plants to pits -- 6.3 The operation of planting -- 6.4 Making of pit-saucers -- 6.5 Beating up casualties -- 6.6 Ensuring continued protection -- 6.7 Replacement of casualties -- 6.8 Removal of weeds -- 6.9 Hoeing the plants -- 6.10 Watering the plants -- 6.11 Fertilising and manuring -- 6.12 Growth of plants -- 6.13 Tending the rootstock -- 6.14 Maintenance of s&wc structures -- 6.15 Plantation maintenance in sand dunes -- 6.16 Long-term maintenance -- PART 2 MANAGEMENT -- Chapter 7Âïsting and Estimation of Works -- 7.1 Schedule of labour rates -- 7.2 Model treatment plans -- 7.3 Units of measurement and conversion tables -- Chapter 8Â{u03F2}ganizing and Staffing Programmes and Projects -- 8.1 Organisation structure and staffing -- 8.2 Organisational effectiveness -- Chapter 9ÂЬanning, Monitoring and Evaluation -- 9.1 Planning time-critical activities -- 9.2 Monitoring, evaluation and review -- 9.3 Quality control and work productivity -- 9.4 Recordkeeping and documentation -- Chapter 10ÂŮsuring Sustainability -- 10.1 Institutional sustainability -- 10.2 Resource sustainability.

This groundbreaking work offers a practical manual for implementing afforestation and reforestation programs in the arid and semi-arid tropics. The comprehensive text covers both the technical and managerial aspects of afforestation and reforestation, and includes model engineering and organizational designs. The book is intended for professionals engaged in planning, monitoring, and coordinating afforestation and reforestation programs, as well as for field supervisors responsible for implementing those programs. It will also serve as a valuable reference guide for planners and policymakers in governments and donor agencies concerned with natural resource management, watershed development, and community development. Students and teachers of forestry at universities, colleges, and professional training institutions will also find it a valuable resource. The book offers extensive content on the technology of afforestation and reforestation. It presents structured information in the form of charts, tables, figures, photographs, and model engineering designs that can be applied directly in planning new programs as well as monitoring the tasks and activities involved in carrying them out. It can be used as a field manual, a productivity enhancement tool, and a quality assurance tool for workers and managers alike. The book was conceived, designed, and written by a highly qualified author with many years of practical experience in the implementation of afforestation and reforestation projects. His background in engineering and forestry has led to a multidisciplinary systems approach that is both unique and invigorating. The book incorporates five yearsâ€{u0C21}instaking work in planning and converting carefully researched data into structured information and practical designs.