1.Â{u026E}troduction -- 2.Ÿploring the Relationship Between Climate Change and the Decline of the Howiesonâ€{u3810}oort at Sibudu Cave (South Africa) -- 3.Â{u0369}ddle Paleolithic Large-Mammal Hunting in the Southern Levant -- 4.Â{u0369}ddle Paleolithic Prey Choice Inferred from a Natural Pitfall Trap -- 5.ÂYw Opportunities for Previously Excavated Sites -- 6.ÂYw Contributions on Subsistence Practices during the Middle-Upper Paleolithic in Northern Spain -- 7.Â{u0262}erian Archaeofaunas and Hominin Subsistence During Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 3 -- 8.Â{u006E}imal Exploitation Strategies During the Uluzzian at Grotta di Fumane (Verona, Italy) -- 9.Â{u0060}Diachronic Evaluation of Neanderthal Cervid Exploitation and Site Use at Pech de lâ€ẃ© IV, France -- 10.ÂYanderthal to Neanderthal Evolution -- 11.The Role of Fish, Fowl and Small Mammals in the Fauna of the Paleolithic Caves of the Swabian Jura, Southwestern Germany -- 12.ÂYanderthals and Cave Hyenas -- 13.Â{u00AF}ne Grease Rendering in Mousterian Contexts -- 14.ÂƯraging Goals and Transport Decisions in Western Europe During the Paleolithic and Early Holocene.

Recent genetic data showing that Neanderthals interbred with modern humans have made it clear that deeper insight into the behavioral differences between these populations will be critical to understanding the rapid spread of modern humans and the demise of the Neanderthals. This volume, which brings together scholars who have worked with faunal assemblages from Europe, the Near East, and Africa, makes an important contribution to our broader understanding of Neanderthal extinction and modern human origins through its focus on variability in human hunting behavior between 70-25,000 years agoâ€{u1823}ritical period in the later evolution of our species.