Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Parallelization theory -- Chapter 3: Climate change and economic development as both destruction and resilience -- Chapter 4: Secularization and the resurgence of religions -- Chapter 5: Migration as both integration and segregation -- Chapter 6: Cognitive ability as both the Flynn effect and dysgenics -- Chapter 7: The Russia-Ukraine war: The co-existence of nationalism/westernization and Russification/Russophobia -- Chapter 8: Culture and politics in Georgia: Parallel acceptance/rejection of the West and Russia -- Chapter 9: South Korea as representing the co-existence of homogenization, hybridization, and polarization -- Chapter 10: Conclusion.

This SpringerBrief is an extension of the article "Parallelization: the fourth leg of cultural globalization theory" (Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 2021) by Dr. Björn Boman. The original article consisted of four main examples of parallelization, and has been expanded to include chapters on Korea, Russia-Ukraine, and Georgia. This book points to the relations between oppositely directed processes and the need for theoretical modelling of complex societal processes.