Introduction Part I -- The spectrum of asthma epidemiology -- Disease prevalence and burden -- Climate considerations in asthma and impacts of climate change -- Asthma across the ages: children, women, and the elderly -- Asthma as a systemic disease: neurologic, cardiac and metabolic changes in asthma -- Social determinants of health in asthma -- Part II. Mechanistic heterogeneity in asthma, -Phenotypes and endotypes -- Heterogeneity of treatment response to asthma (including mild-moderate asthma) -- Regional airway involvement: Imaging heterogeneity in ventilation, mucus and remodeling -- Biobehavioral determinants of asthma, including CNS influences and dietary/nutrition -- Integrative/ Systems levels studies -- Part III. Severe and difficult to treat asthma endotypes -- Definition, phenotyping of severe asthma, including cluster analysis -- Asthma exacerbations: patient features and potential long-term implications -- Innate inflammation driven remodeling -- Adaptive immunity and remodeling -- Part IV. Influence of heterogeneity on approaches to management -- Approaches to management of asthma -- Guidelines for stepped care and self-monitoring -- Global considerations in asthma treatment - management in low resource settings -- Update on biomarker-driven approaches and precision medicine- adaptive clinical trials e.g., PRECISE -- Conclusion and future directions.

Asthma has been challenging to treat due to its heterogeneous onset, environmental triggers, severity, and treatment response. To embrace the rapid advances in this field, Precision Approaches to Heterogeneity in Asthma follows its highly successful predecessor, Heterogeneity in Asthma. In this new volume, noted authorities Allan Brasier and Nizar Jarjour and a cadre of leaders in the field incorporate new work advancing our understanding of phenotypes (endotypes) of disease, regional variations in ventilation, systems approach to analyzing the findings from studies of inducible phenotypes, and emerging results of biomarker-informed clinical trials. This work will facilitate our current understanding of the spectrum of disease etiology, prognosis, and the likelihood of responding to the range of available therapeutic interventions. .