Substantiating building defect cause hypotheses using SPSS statistical analysis on quantitative data -- Runoff Prediction Errors with Conjugate Curve Number -- Potential improvement for construction sector companies Malaysia: A data envelopment analysis model -- Analysis on recognizability and legibility of urban virtual environment in virtual reality through cognitive maps -- Minimalism and Essentialism in Manila: Architecture and Urban Wellbeing in the Post GFC and New Normal -- Influence of waste oils on the extracted aged binder properties and dosage optimisation -- Typology of Design Concepts for Luxury Car Showrooms -- Significance of Illuminance Level in Hafazan Learning Task -- The Method of Measuring Students' Arabic Handwriting Performances in Classrooms -- The correlation between indoor radon concentration for different types of building and its ages -- Developmental Stages of Eversley Childs Sanitarium-an Urban and Architectural Approach -- Impact of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution on the Construction Industry in Malaysia -- The Challenges and Impacts of COVID-19 on the Construction Industry in Malaysia -- Application of steel framework for Multi- Storey Modular House Modules : A review.

This book presents selected articles from the 4th International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering 2021, held in Malaysia. Written by leading researchers and industry professionals, the papers highlight recent advances and addresses current issues in the fields of civil engineering and architecture.