Oligonucleotide PRINS DNA Synthesis -- Chromosome-Specific PRINS -- Bright-Field Microscopic Detection of Oligonucleotide PRINS-Labeled DNA in Chromosome Preparations -- Analysis of Sperm Aneuploidy by PRINS -- PRINS DNA Synthesis on Frozen Tissue Sections -- Multiple Sequential Oligonucleotide Primed In Situ DNA Syntheses (MULTI-PRINS) -- Oligonucleotide PRINS DNA Synthesis on Extended Chromatin Preparations -- Combined lmmunocytochemistry and PRINS DNA Synthesis for Simultaneous Detection of Phenotypic and Genomic Parameters in Cells -- Chromosomal PRINS DNA Labeling Combined with Indirect Immunocytochemistry -- Direct In Situ Single-Copy (DISC)-PCR -- In Situ PCR to Cells and to Wax Sections -- Reverse Transcriptase PCR In Situ on Cryopreserved Tissue Sections -- Flow Cytometry Analysis of an In Situ PCR for the Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) Proviral DNA -- In Situ PCR Amplification of Intracellular mRNA -- Localized In Situ Amplification (LISA) -- In Situ PCR.

Cutting edge researchers demonstrate step-by-step how oligonucleotide primers may be successfully used to detect and amplify or extend complimentary sequences in situ. Through these procedures-often invented by the authors-the door is opened to rapid identification and characterization of chromosomal DNA sequences, viral genomes, and rare messenger RNAs in cells-at hitherto unmatched degrees of sensitivity and specificity. Their innovative techniques-suitable for both novice and experienced researchers-have rapidly become indispensable for many clinical diagnostic procedures, whether in quantification of chromosomes in the identification of aneuploidy for prenatal diagnosis, or in the identification of viral infection in the early stages, or of rare messenger RNAs present in cells.