The Plastid Genomes of Flowering Plants -- Next Generation Technologies to Determine Plastid Genome Sequences -- Plastid Gene Transcription: Promoters and RNA Polymerases -- Plastid mRNA Translation -- Engineering Chloroplasts for High-Level Foreign Protein Expression -- Excision of Plastid Marker Genes Using Directly Repeated DNA Sequences -- Fluorescent Labeling and Confocal Microscopic Imaging of Chloroplasts and Non-Green Plastids -- Plastid Transformation in Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana sylvestris by Biolistic DNA Delivery to Leaves -- Nicotiana tabacum - PEG-mediated Plastid Transformation -- Plastid Transformation of Tobacco Suspension Cell Cultures -- Tryptophan and Indole Analog Mediated Plastid Transformation -- Plastid Marker Gene Excision in Greenhouse-Grown Tobacco by Agrobacterium-Delivered Cre Recombinase -- Determination of the Half-Life of Chloroplast Transcripts in Tobacco Leaves -- Quantification of Organellar DNA and RNA Using Real-Time PCR -- Plastid Transformation for Rubisco Engineering and Protocols for Assessing Expression -- Plastid Transformation in Tomato -- Stable Plastid Transformation of Petunia -- Plastid Transformation in Potato - Solanum tuberosum -- Plastid Transformation in Eggplant -- Plastid Transformation in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by Polyethylene Glycol Treatment of Protoplasts -- Plastid Transformation in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) by Biolistic DNA Delivery -- Plastid Transformation in Soybean -- Plastid Transformation in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) by the Biolistic Process -- Plastid Transformation in Sugar Beet - Beta vulgaris -- Integration and Expression of gfp in the Plastid of Medicago sativa L. -- Rapid Screening for the Robust Expression of Recombinant Proteins in Algal Plastids -- A Simple, Low Cost Method for Chloroplast Transformation of the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- Tools for Regulated Gene Expression in the Chloroplast of Chlamydomonas -- Plastid Transformation in Physcomitrella patens -- Plastid Transformation of Sporelings and Suspension-cultured Cells from the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. .

In Chloroplast Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used in chloroplast molecular biology.  Chapters focus on essential background information, applications in tobacco, and protocols for plastid transformation in crops, and Chlamydomonas and Bryophytes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoidance of known pitfalls.   Authoritative and practical,  Chloroplast Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists who study chloroplast molecular biology as well as those interested in applications in agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and healthcare.