Selection of Media for Tissue and Cell Culture -- Growth Determination and Medium Analysis -- Measurements of Viability Suitable for Plant Tissue Cultures -- Cryopreservation of Plant Cells -- Hormonal Control of Growth and Development -- The Initiation and Maintenance of Callus Cultures -- Organogenesis in Callus Culture -- Manipulation of Shoot Formation in Cultured Explants -- Meristem-Tip Culture -- Micropropagation -- Grafting In Vitro -- Flower Organ Culture -- Fruit Organ Cultures -- Culture of Zygotic Embryos of Higher Plants -- Induction of Embryogenesis in Callus Culture -- Induction of Embryogenesis in Suspension Culture -- Microspore Culture in Brassica -- Growth of Ferns from Spores in Axenic Culture -- Clonal Propagation of Orchids -- Tissue Culture and Top-Fruit Tree Species -- Fertilization In Vitro and Culture of Fertilized Ovules of Higher Plants -- Vegetative Propagation of Cacti and Other Succulents In Vitro -- The Preparation of Micropropagated Plantlets for Transfer to Soil Without Acclimatization -- Protoplasts of Higher and Lower Plants -- Plant Protoplast Enucleation by Density Gradient Centrifugation -- Isolation and Transplantation of Nuclei into Plant Protoplasts -- Induction of Hairy Roots by Agrobacterium Rhizogenes and Growth of Hairy Roots In Vitro -- Agrobacterium Rhizogenes-Mediated Gene Transfer Using PRI 1855 and a Binary Vector -- Transformation of Rape with Agrobacterium tumeficiens-Based Vectors -- Transient and Stable Expression of Foreign DNA Introduced into Plant Protoplasts by Electroporation -- Protoplast Microinjection Using Agarose Microdrops -- Transformation of Plants Via the Shoot Apex -- Methods of Gene Transfer and Analysis in Higher Plants -- Electrofusion of Plant Cells -- Production of Cybrids in Rapeseed (Brassica napus) -- Selection of Somatic Hybrids by Resistance Complementation -- Dual Fungal and Plant Cell Culture -- Mutagenesis Techniques in Plant Tissue Cultures -- Mutagenesis -- Techniques for Selecting Mutants from Plant Tissue Cultures -- Selection of Antimetabolite Resistant Mutants -- Selection of Chloroplast Mutants -- Large-Scale Culture of Plant Cells -- Batch Suspension Culture -- Production Systems -- Immobilization of Cells by Spontaneous Adhesio -- Plant Cell Immobilization in Alginate and Polyurethane Foam -- Alkaloid Secondary Products from Catharanthus roseus Cell Suspension -- Betanin Production and Release In Vitro from Suspension Cultures of Beta vulgaris -- Enzyme Extraction and Assessment of Enzyme Production -- Micromachines to Automate Plant Tissue Culture -- Automation of the Surface Sterilization System Procedure.