Robotics in Neurosurgery - Past, Presence and Future -- MATLAB® Utility for Small Invasive Procedure to Confirm Objectively the New Disease - Chronic Pain -- Impact of Selected Factors on the "early error" Phenomenon Evaluated in the Mirror Test -- The Computer System Enabling Human-Computer Communication -- How Much Emotionally Intelligent AI Can Be? -- The Brain, Mind and Electromagnetic Waves -- Techniques, Challenges and use in Rehabilitation Medicine of EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Systems.EEG Analysis and Neurofeedback Therapy of Concentration Problems in Mother and Child -- Consciousness and Moral Status of Animals.

This book presents the proceedings of the 4th International Scientific Conference IC BCI 2021 Opole, Poland. The event was held at Opole University of Technology in Poland on 21 September 2021. Since 2014, the conference has taken place every two years at the University's Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics. The conference focused on the issues relating to new trends in modern brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and control engineering, including neurobiology-neurosurgery, cognitive science-bioethics, biophysics-biochemistry, modeling-neuroinformatics, BCI technology, biomedical engineering, control and robotics, computer engineering and neurorehabilitation-biofeedback.