Chapter 1. Introduction: The snakebite problem -- Chapter 2. Evolution of snakes and systematics of Big Four venomous snakes of India -- Chapter 3. Snake venom: Composition, evolution, function, and biomedical applications -- Chapter 4. Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) -- Chapter 5. Indian common Krait (Bungarus cerelus) -- Chapter 6. Indian Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) -- Chapter 7. Indian Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) -- Chapter 8. Prevention and Treatment of Big Four Snakebite in India.

This book provides detailed and updated knowledge about medically important 'Big Four' venomous snakes of India (Indian spectacled cobra, Indian common krait, Indian Russell's viper, and Indian saw-scaled viper). This book essentially covers the snakebite problem in the world with particular reference to Asia and India. It discusses the evolution and systematics of venomous snakes, emphasizing 'Big Four' venomous snakes of India; the evolution and composition of venoms determined by traditional biochemical and modern proteomic analyses. It also describes the pharmacological properties of enzymatic and non-enzymatic toxins of 'Big Four' venomous snakes of India. Different chapters discuss exciting topics such as species-specific and geographical differences in venom composition and its impact on pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of snakebite envenomation in India, biomedical application of Indian snake venom toxins; production and quality assessment of commercial antivenom, prevention, and treatment of snakebite in India, adverse effects of antivenom including strategies to combat antivenom reactions inpatient. This book caters to toxinologists, pharmacologists, zoologists, antivenom manufacturers, biochemists, clinicians, evolutionary biologists, herpetologists, and informed non-specialists interested to know about the Indian snake venoms. .