Part 1. Light-sensitive channels and transporters -- 1. History and Perspectives of Light-Sensing Proteins -- 2. Phototactic behavior of Chlamydomonas -- 3. Structure-Functional Analysis of rhodopsin light sensors -- 4. Molecular Dynamics of Channelrhodopsin -- 5. Photochemistry of Halorhodopsin -- 6. Spectroscopic Dynamics of Microbial Rhodopsins -- 7. Molecular Engineering of Retinylidene Proteins -- 8. A new optogenetic tools from deep ocean -- Part 2. Light-sensitive signaling molecules -- 9. Biology of Light-Sensing Proteins in Plants and Microorganisms -- 10. Optogenetic Potentials of Diverse Animal Opsins -- 11. Enzyme rhodopsins -- 12.Optogenetic photoswitches -- 13.Genetic, biochemical and biophysical studies on flavoprotein photoreceptors -- Part 3. Optogenetics in Biological System -- 14. General Description: Future Prospects of Optogenetics -- 15. Optogenetic Manipulation and Probing -- 16. Visualization and Manipulation Signaling Molecules In Vivo -- 17. Optical Manipulation of Gene Expression -- 18. Optical Manipulation of Intracellular Signaling -- 19. Single Molecule Optogenetics -- 20. Bioluminescence Imaging -- 21. Luminescence Optogenetics -- 22. Optogenetic Imaging of Protein Activity in the Synapse Using 2-Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy -- 23. Optogenetics in Drosophila -- 24. Optogenetics in Caenorhabditis elegans -- 25. Optogenetics in zebrafish -- 26. Optogenetics Research Using the Mouse as a Model System -- 27. Optogenetics Research Using Rat -- 28. Optogenetics Research Using Primates -- 29. Organelle Optogenetics -- Part 4. Optogenetics in Neuroscience -- 30. Neuroscientific Frontline of Optogenetics -- 31. Elucidation of Neuronal Circuitry Involved in the Regulation of Sleep/Wakefulness Using Optogenetics -- 32. Multiscale neural activity in the behaving brain -- 33. Optogenetic Analysis of Striatal Connections to Determine Functional Connectomes -- 34. Optogenetics for the Behavior Manipulation of Non-human Primates -- 35. Activity Regulation in the Study of Neural Plasticity -- 36. Optogenetic Control of Synaptic Plasticity -- 37. Casting Light on the Role of Glial Cells in Brain Function -- 38. Optogenetic manipulation of Respiratory Rhythm -- 39. Optogenetic mapping of brain circuitry -- 40. In vivo imaging of Arc transcription -- 41. Neural Circuits for the Formation and Retrieval of Episodic Memories -- Part 5. Medical Optogenetics -- 42. Medical Optogenetics, Overview -- 43. Towards Understanding the Neural Mechanism of Behavioral Phenotypes Seen in Psychiatric Disorders -- 44. Gene Therapy Using Channelrhodopsins to Treat Blindness -- 45. Optogenetic Approaches to Restoring Intrinsic Visual Processing Features in Retinal Ganglion Cells -- 46. Application of optogenetics to epilepsy research -- Part 6. Opto-electro-nano Technologies for Optogenetics -- 47. CMOS-Based Neural Interface Device for Optogenetics -- 48. OLED System for Optogenetics -- 49. Micro-imaging probes, Opto-electrodes, and Virtual Reality Systems for Optogenetics -- 50. Upconversion -- 51. Optical probes for in vivo optogenetics.

This book, now in a thoroughly revised second edition, offers a comprehensive review of the rapidly growing field of optogenetics, in which light-sensing proteins are genetically engineered into cells in order to acquire information on cellular physiology in optical form or to enable control of specific network in the brain upon activation by light. Light-sensing proteins of various living organisms are now available to be exogenously expressed in neurons and other target cells both in vivo and in vitro. Cellular functions can thus be manipulated or probed by light. The new edition documents fully the extensive progress since publication of the first edition to provide an up-to-date overview of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of light-sensing proteins and their application in biological systems, particularly in neuroscience but also in medicine and the optical sciences. Underlying principles are explained and detailed information provided on a wide range of optogenetic tools for the observation and control of cellular signaling and physiology, gene targeting technologies, and optical methods for biological applications. In presenting the current status of optogenetics and emerging directions, this milestone publication will be a "must read" for all involved in research in any way related to optogenetics.