Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: The evolution of oxygen independent energy metabolism in eukaryotes with hydrogenosomes and mitosomes -- Chapter 3: Protein Import into Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes -- Chapter 4: Structure of the Hydrogenosome -- Chapter 5: Hydrogenosomes of Anaerobic Ciliates -- Chapter 6: Metabolism of Trichomonad Hydrogenosomes -- Chapter 7: Hydrogenosomes of Anaerobic Fungi: an Alternative Way to Adapt to Anaerobic Environments -- Chapter 8: The proteome of T. vaginalis hydrogenosomes -- Chapter 9: Mitosomes in parasitic protists -- Chapter 10: The Mitochondrion-Related Organelles of Crypto-sporidium species -- Chapter 11: The Mitochondrion-Related Organelles of Blastocystis -- Chapter 12: Mitochondrion-related organelles in free-living protists -- Chapter 13: Protists without mitochondria, how it may happen?.

"Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes: Mitochondria of Anaerobic Eukaryotes, 2nd edition" provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on these organelles, which occur in unicellular, often parasitic organisms, including human pathogens. It discusses the discovery of these widely distributed organelles, as well as their evolution and recent advances in the study of their structure and function. The book also describes their properties, such as protein import, structure, metabolism and adaptation, their proteome and their role in drug activation and resistance. The book will appeal to researchers and students interested in biology and medicine, and to those who are mainly interested in basic science-cell biology, parasitology, microbiology, evolution etc., but also to those interested in organelles as potential targets for chemotherapy.