1. History of the thymus: From a vestigial organ to the programming of immunological self-tolerance -- 2. Thymus Ontogeny and Development -- 3. The Ins and Outs of Thymic Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Function -- 4. T-Cell Development: From T-Lineage Specification to Intrathymic Maturation -- 5. Intrathymic cell migration: implications in thymocyte development and T-cell repertoire formation -- 6. Thymic crosstalk: an overview of the complex cellular interactions that control the establishment of T-cell tolerance -- 7. The Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) gene, the master activator of self-antigen expression in the thymus -- 8. Aire Mutations and Autoimmune Diseases -- 9. The thymus as a mirror of the body's gene expression -- 10. Functional genomics of the infant human thymus: Aire and minipuberty -- 11. Thymus transcriptome of TGF-β superfamily -- 12. Development of thymic regulatory T lymphocytes -- 13. Adding insult to injury: improving the regenerative capacity of the aged thymus following clinically induced damage -- 14. Thymus rejuvenation after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with autoimmune diseases.

This volume focuses on challenging field in biomedicine that is the genetic control of central immune tolerance. It covers the thymus development, their cellular components and their respective function, the peculiar gene expression profiling (transcriptome) found in the medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) that are implicated in the self-representation in the thymus, the Autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene, the mutations in this gene and manifestation of autoimmune diseases, and the role of cell-cell interactions within the thymus with implications in the negative selection (elimination) of nascent autoreactive T cells in preventing aggressive autoimmunity. The thymus gland is a lymphoid organ implicated in the maturation, differentiation and selection of T cells. This organ is gained more and more attention in different biomedical research labs worldwide due to its function that is associated with the control of immune homeostasis in the body, establishing the central immune tolerance and preventing the onset of autoimmune diseases.